What Is the Probability You Just Inhaled a Part of Lincolns Last Breath

Breathe in and then exhale. What is the probability that at least one of the molecules you inhaled was one of the molecules from Abraham Lincoln’s final breath? This is a well-defined event, and so it does have a probability. The question is how likely is this to occur? Pause for a moment and think what number sounds reasonable before reading any further. Assumptions Let’s begin with identifying a few assumptions. These assumptions will help in justifying certain steps in our calculation of this probability. We assume that since Lincoln’s death over 150 years ago the molecules from his last breath are spread out uniformly around the world. A second assumption is that most of these molecules are still part of the atmosphere, and able to be inhaled. It’s worthwhile to note at this point that these two assumptions are what is important, not that the person we are asking the question about. Lincoln could be replaced with Napoleon, Gengis Khan or Joan of Arc. As long as enough time has passed to diffuse the final breath of a person, and for the final breath to escape into the surrounding atmosphere, the following analysis will be valid. Uniform Start by selecting a single molecule. Suppose there are a total of A molecules of air in the world’s atmosphere. Furthermore, suppose that there were B molecules of air exhaled by Lincoln in his final breath. By the uniform assumption, the probability that a single molecule of air that you inhale was part of Lincoln’s last breath is B/A. When we compare the volume of a single breath to the volume of the atmosphere, we see that this is a very small probability. Complement Rule Next we use the complement rule. The probability that any particular molecule that you inhale was not part of Lincoln’s last breath is 1 - B/A. This probability is very large. Multiplication Rule Up until now we only consider one particular molecule. However, one’s final breath contains many molecules of air. Thus we consider several molecules by using the multiplication rule. If we inhale two molecules, the probability that neither were part of Lincoln’s last breath is: (1 - B/A)(1 - B/A) (1 - B/A)2 If we inhale three molecules, the probability that none were part of Lincoln’s last breath is: (1 - B/A)(1 - B/A)(1 - B/A) (1 - B/A)3 In general, if we inhale N molecules, the probability that none were part of Lincoln’s last breath is: (1 - B/A)N. Complement Rule Again We use the complement rule again. The probability that at least one molecule out of N was exhaled by Lincoln is: 1 - (1 - B/A)N. All that remains is to estimate values for A, B and N. Values The volume of the average breath is about 1/30 of a liter, corresponding to 2.2 x 1022 molecules. This gives us a value for both B and N. There are approximately 1044 molecules in the atmosphere, giving us a value for A. When we plug these values into our formula, we end up with a probability that exceeds 99%. Each and every breath that we take is almost certain to contain at least one molecule from Abraham Lincoln’s final breath.

Essay on Pglo Transformation Lab Report - 1486 Words

Transformation Lab Report Introduction Transformation is the transfers of virulence from one cell to another, through the transferring of genetic material. It was originally postulated in 1928 through the works of Federick Griffith, a British microbiologist. Griffith observed that the mutant form, non-virulent form, of the bacteria Streptococcus Pnumoniae could be transformed into the normal, virulent form, when injected into mice along with heat killed normal forms. He concluded that somehow the information the dead virulent form had transformed the mutant form into a virulent form. Later on through the works of Avery, Macleod, and McCarty in 1944, it became obvious that DNA is the transforming property and the substance†¦show more content†¦Spin the two tubes in a centrifuge for 5 minutes on opposite side of the centrifuge. The bacterium will collect at the bottom of the tube, so pour out the extraneous supinate. Then, add 250 microliters of buffer. The Ca2+ cation of the buffer neutralizes the repulsive negative charges of the phosphate backbone of the DNA and the phospholipids of the cell membrane allowing the DNA to pass through the cell wall and enter the cells. Place both tubes on ice. Then add 10 microliters of water into one tube and 10 microliters of plasmid DNA into another tube labeling the one with DNA with a + and the one with water -, and place on ice for 10 minutes. Next heat shocks the tubes for 50 seconds, followed by icing for 10 more minutes. The heat shock increases the permeability of the cell membrane to DNA. Then add 250 milliliters of LB and incubate for 20 minutes. The 20 minute incubation following the addition of LB broth allows the cells to grow and express the ampicillin resistance protein, beta-lactamase, so that the transformed cells survive the subsequent ampicillin selection plates. Plate 100 microliters the + tubes evenly on two plates; 1 of LB and Amp, and one of LB, AMP, and ARA. 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Avail Assignment Samples on Data Communication Network

Task1 :Explain with the aid of diagrams the TCP/IP Protocol Architecture. Discuss the function of the protocols within each layer.Evaluate the application of TCP/IP to internet based applications. TCP/IP architecture model was initially designed as DARPA model by the US government agency by that name. There were four layers in the DARPA model. Those were, application layer, transport layer, Internet layer and network interface layer. Each of those layer used to correspond to one or more layers in the OSI model with seven layers. In the TCP/IP protocol architecture, there are four layers or sets of protocols, similar to the DARPA model. TCP/IP protocol architecture works as protocol stack. Each layer of TCP/IP protocol stack, has its own set of functionalities and provides a set of services to the next layer. The descriptions of these layers are, (Blank, TCP/IP Foundations, 2006) Network Interface layer Network interface layer or network access layer is the lowest layer in the TCP/IP protocol stack. It places TCP/IP packets on the network and receives the same from the network. TCP/IP protocol stack is independent of different network access methods, medium, frame formats etc. Thus it supports different types of networks, different types of LAN technologies like token ring, Ethernet etc., different types of WAN technologies like frame relay, X.25 etc. This layer is independent from different network technologies. It gives the TCP/IP protocol stack the ability to adapt any new networking technology, for example, ATM or Asynchronous Transfers Mode networks. (Blank, TCP/IP JumpStart, 2006) Internet Layer Internet layer sits on the top of network interface layer in the TCP/IP protocol stack. Internet layer is responsible for packaging, addressing and routing of packets. There are some core protocols in this later. These protocols are important for internetworking. The protocols are IP or Internet Protocol, ARP or Address Resolution Protocol, ICMP or Internet Control Message Protocol, IGMP or Internet group management protocol. Each of these protocols performs different types of responsibilities and collectively all these are the responsibilities of internet layer. (Comer, 2006) Internet protocol is responsible for routing packets. Thus functions like routing, IP addressing, packet fragmentation and reassembly are provided by this layer. Address resolution protocol provides services like IP to MAC address translation etc. The main function is to provide address resolution services to the network layer. Internet control message protocol provides different types of diagnosis and error handling services that may occur from erroneous packet delivery. Internet group management protocol manages groups of IP multi-casting. Transport Layer Transport layer provided host to host service on the top of internet layer. It consumes services from the internet layer and provide service to the application layer that is on the top of it. Mainly it provides services related to transmission of data packets successfully over the internet. There are two protocols in this layer. Those are TCP or Transmission Control Protocol and UDP or User Datagram Protocol. (Alani, 2014) Transmission Control Protocol is responsible for providing a connection- oriented, one to one and reliable communication service. It arranges the sequences of packets, acknowledges the packet transmissions, and provides recovery of packets lost during transmission. On the other hand, user datagram protocol is a connectionless, one to many (may be one to one), unreliable service for communication over the internet. Generally, UDP is used to transfer smaller amount of data or data where security or data loss is not a big issue. TCP provides secure and better service than UDP, but there is some additional overhead of TCP services, when some application does not want to have these overhead and still want to have a data transmission, then it selects UDP instead of TCP. (Blank, TCP/IP JumpStart, 2006) Application Layer Application layer is the topmost layer on the TCP/IP protocol stack. It directly interacts with the applications on a computer or system. It provides abilities to the applications to consume services from other layers of the TCP/IP protocol stack. Application layer has a bunch of protocol and new protocols evolve frequently. (Reynders Wright, 2003) Some of the widely used application layer protocols and the services provided by those protocols are, HTTP or HyperText Transfer Protocol, has the responsibility of exchanging user information through developing web pages for World Wide Web. FTP or File Transfer Protocol is responsible for transferring file between two hosts. SMTP or Simple Mail Transfer Protocol is responsible for transferring mails and attachments. Telnet is responsible for emulation or terminal. It let a user log in to some remote network host. DNS or Domain name service helps in resolving the IP address and host names. RIP or Routing Information Protocol helps in routing and exchanging routing information across an IP network SNMP or Simple Network Management Protocol helps in managing different networking devices and manages the same. It helps in collecting and exchanging management information for devices like bridges, routers, intelligent hubs etc. Some examples of application layer interfaces for TCP/ IP protocol stacks may be NetBIOS, Windows Sockets etc. In Windows operating system environment, Windows Socket helps in having a standard API. NetBIOS helps in managing sessions, name resolutions, datagram related protocol services. The illustration of TCP/ IP protocol stacks along will different sets of protocols for each of the layers, has been given as, There are different types of networks used for different organizations, the networks differ in structures, services, interfaces, technologies. Connecting all these networks to have an interconnected network or Internet required some uniformity and platform independent protocols. OSI model was built to abstract the diverse nature of the network. OSI model provides enough abstractions to hide the complexities of networking and internetworking and gives enough scope to the programmer to build specific programs to each layer. Then programs from different layers of OSI model then work with one another. There were several flaws in OSI model. There were no details about the protocols or how to implement the functions of each layer. On the contrary, TCP/IP model gives details about the protocols from each layer. A programmer can implement those protocols from different layers and the job is done. (Held, 2002) OSI model has total 7 layers. Those layers are categorized into two category of layers as given in the following picture. The layers in the OSI model as, Application layer. Presentation layer, Session layer. Transport layer, Network layer, Data Link layer, Physical layer. First three layers belong to the application layer category and rest of the layers belong to the data flow category. On the other hand, there are four layers on the TCP/IP model. Those are application layer, transport layer, internet layer, and network access interface layer. These four layers covers the seven layers of OSI mode. The layers on the TCP/IP model are again divided into two categories. Application and transport layers are categorized as protocols layers and rest two belongs to networks layers. The comparison between OSI model and TCP/IP model are summarized as,(Alani, 2014) Open System Interconnection (OSI) Model TCP /IP Model This is more focused on architectural aspects of a network model and provides an idealistic view. It is more focused on the implementation aspects and provides some realistic view. OSI model is developed by a horizontal approach. It is developed based on a horizontal approach. The basic assertion behind the OSI model is that operation of distributed applications is laid upon a strict hierarchy of layers and standardisation. The basic assertion of TCP/IP model is that any application is composed of a set of functions over an end to end distributed communication service. There is a pool of application service elements or ASEs a distributed application selects an element from such pool and performs functions that is specific to the end to end service. Abstraction is the fundamental characteristic here. Every application assumes that services from lower layer will be available at any point of time. The session layer controls the sessions, presentation layer controls the representation of data etc. and the application layer communicated with the application on the host system. In OSI model, all these are different layers. Some examples of functions of OSI application layer are, VT, FTAM ,MHS, CMIP, DS etc. In the TCP/IP model, application, session and transport layers of the OSI model have been clubbed into application layer of TCP/IP model. Some example of protocols from application layer of TCP/IP model are, FTP. HTTP, DNS. Telnet etc. (Alani, 2014) The transport layer of OSI is responsible to deliver information from source system to destination system. The transport layer communicates from source to destination, performs flow control, error checking etc. The network layer provides connection oriented and connectionless services. The internet layer on the TCP/IP provides only connectionless service. Data link layer prepares the streaming of data, handles flow control, error control. Whereas data is transmitted through the physical media as a raw bit stream. The later part is handled by physical layer. Here data transmission is handled by network access layer only. Services provided by data link and physical layers in the OSI model are provided by the network access layer in the TCP/IP model. While implementation of the OSI model, the emphasis is on reliability of data transfer. The reliability is handled as an individual cases of end to end delivery. Detection and handling of errors is performed in each layer using checksums. Detection and handling of errors is done by the transport layer only. OSI model is most of the time a theory based description of an ideal network model, whereas TCP/IP model is a model that is being used in practice for long time. Task 2 :1 Explain the principles of IP addressing based on IPv4 and discuss the key practical issues in implementing IP addressing within public and private networks.2 With the aid of a network diagram explain how IP addresses are assigned to a network.3 With the help of a network monitoring tool (Wireshark), analyses the IP traffic. IPv4 or Internet Protocol version 4 is a widespread and currently used internet addressing scheme. A network connects different types of devices as hosts. An internet is an interconnection of different types of networks across the globe. It is necessary to uniquely address each of the host connected to the internet. For that purpose internet address or IP addresses are used. There are different schemes of IP addressing. IPv4 is a 32 bit IP addressing scheme. With 32 bits, possibly there will be 232 unique IP addresses. IPv4 addressing uses a class-full addressing. Implementation of IP addresses in private and public networks has some challenges. One is, there is scarcity of addresses that can serve need of the networks and devices. Thus, there are two types of addressing used in private and public network. The addressing scheme used within a private network is not visible from the public network. Masquerading, NAT etc. are used to implement it. However, it increases overhead on routers. (Comer, 2006) On the other hand, there are two types of IP addresses, static and dynamic. ISPs use a pool of available IP addresses, when some client logs on to their network and request some IP address, then the ISP allocates one IP address from the address pool. The IP address is valid for that client for that session only. When the client logs off, the address will be de-allocated and will go back to the address pool. This scheme is known as dynamic IP address. Where the IP address is not tied to some device. The same client may get different IP address when it logs in again. And the same IP address may be allocated to other client next time. On the other hand, there are other types of IP addresses that are tied to a particular device. These are called static IP addresses. (Held, 2002) NAT or Network Address Translation is used to bridge the gap between private and public network. A NAT table is kept on the router. There may be at least two attribute for each entry of the NAT table, the IP addresses of a device in the private network and the IP address of the destination of the packet. The router checks the NAT table, replaces the source address as the public address of the network and forwards the packet to the destination. When it receives some packet from the Internet or other network, then it checks the NAT table again and forwards the packet to the destination. For public networks, there is no existence of the private network, they communicate with the public IP address of the network. There are RIR or Regional Internet Registry that are organizations for handling registration and allocation of IP addresses in different parts of the world. There are 5 RIRs currently for different regions of the world. Following picture illustrates the RIRs and operating domains. Each of the RIR has 16 millions of IP addresses to allocate. In IPv4 scheme, the whole address space is divided into 5 categories those are, Class Address Range of first Octet Network and Host octets Class A 1 to 126 N.H.H.H Class B 128 to 191 N.N.H.H Class C 192 to 223 N.N.N.H. Class D NA Reserved for Multi casting Class E NA Reserved for Research and Future use. There are several disadvantages of IPv4 addressing scheme. The blocks dont have equal number of networks or hosts. For example, there is huge numer of hosts possible for a Class A IP address but in reality no class A IP address contains that many hosts. On the other hand very few hosts are possible for a Class C IP address. So, there is a mismatch between the requirement and availability. Here comes the major disadvantage of IPv4 addressing schemes. There are unused IP addresses but those cant be allocated. The available IP addresses are depleting and has failed to cater the requirement of growth of internet. (Reynders Wright, 2003) As a result IPv6 has been developed. Task 3: local business TCS Ltd. is considering implementing IPv6 Protocol throughout the organization.Present a report for the Operational Director highlighting and discussing the key issues in migrating from IPv4 to IPv6 addressing.The report should Discuss the benefits and drawbacks in such migration. Explain and evaluate the alternative transition mechanisms Analyze and evaluate the improvement in quality of service (QoS) and security. Introduction The aim of this report is to discuss and highlight the key issues in implementation of IPv6 protocol for the organization TCS Ltd. In the rest of the parts of the report the discussion will focus on different aspects of implementing IPv6 in the organization, the benefits and drawback of the implementation, explanation and evaluation of other alternative transition mechanisms, analysis and evaluation of possible improvement in QoS or Quality of Service and security. IPv6 IPv6 or Internet Protocol version 6 is the latest and updated version of the communication protocol IP in the TCP/IP model. It helps in identification and location of a host system in the internet uniquely and routing traffic from source to destination on the Internet. IPv6 has been developed by IETF or Internet Engineering Task Force. One of the major issue with IPv4 is rapid depletion of the available IP addresses and poor distribution of the same. To deal with this problem IPv6 has come into the picture. It is slowly replacing IPv4. IPv6 is a 128 bit addressing protocol and holds almost 2128 unique addresses into its address space. IPv6 is not interoperable with IPv4. Thus one is needed to be replace by other. There are various transition mechanisms from going to IPv6 from IPv4. (Hagen, 2014) A 128 bits IPv6 address is broken down into 8 groups of four hexadecimal digits in each group. Each of the group is separated by a colon. There are compression methods available to shrink or expand representation of an address. Benefits and Drawbacks of Implementation of IPv6 One of the major benefits of IPv6 is the larger address space and classless distribution of addresses. The address allocation methods of IPv6 facilitates route aggregation and limits extensions of routing table. It support multicasting in a simpler and extended way. There are several optimizations for delivery of services. It enhances mobility, configuration and security of the devices. So, other benefits of IPv6 for an organization are, (Johnson, Perkins, Arkko, 2004) It provides better and more effective routing. The routing tables are reduced in sizes. A hierarchical approach in management of routing table can be taken. The ISPs can aggregate their networks into a single prefix. Fragmentation is done by the source in the IPv6 network, the routers are not responsible for it. Thus overall overhead from routing is reduced and routing has become more efficient. Processing of packets in IPv6 networks is better and simpler. Thus more efficient. There is no calculation of packet level checksum and no calculation of checksum at every hop. The link layer protocols and technologies handles this part. Ipv6 supports multicasting. It allows packet flows that are bandwidth intensive, to more than one destination at the same time. Thus the network bandwidth is saved. The hosts that are not bound to process broadcast packets. There is a additional data field in the IPv6 header, called Flow Label. This data field helps in identifying data packets belonging to the same data flow. Configuration of a network for the organization will be automated if it is built on Ipv6. The prefix of all local links to a router will be advertised. A host will be able to generate its own IP address. The MAC address of the host will be appended to the prefix sent by the router. Then it will be converted into some 64 bit EUI or Extended Universal Identifier format. The prefix is another 64 bit, thus the whole address will be 128 bit. There is no need to use NAT or Network Address Translation anymore. At the IP layer, the end to end connectivity will be provides. New services can be added. The peer to peer networks are easily manageable. VoIP, QoS etc. will be more effective. Security is another issue in any type of networks. IPv6 supports IPSec and provides CIA principles of confidentiality, integrity and authentication. ICMP packets for IPv6 are backed up with more security implementations of IPSec and the risks of malware attacks through these packets has been reduced. Apart from the benefits there are few drawbacks of IPv6. Those are, Still IPv6 is not widely accepted and those are not interoperable with IPv4. There is lack of smooth transition schemes to transit from IPv4 to IPv6. Alternative Transition mechanisms Some alternative transition mechanisms to transit to IPv6 from IPv4 are, Host to host Encapsulation In this method, the encapsulation is done at the source and the destination encapsulates it. A private IPv4 network without any information about the IPv6 protocol, is used to transfer the datagrams from the source to the destination. In the following picture, the illustration has been shown, including two hosts with dual IPv4 and IPv6 stacks. These stacks are used for encapsulations. IPv6 datagrams are sent as IPv4 packets. On the destination end, the hosts are updated to IPv6 protocol and will be able to de-capsulate the packets. (John J. Amoss, 2007) This transition mechanism does not require to change the existing IPv4 network, rather it use encapsulation to transit to the IPv6 network. Tunneling from router to router In this mechanism, a tunneling method connecting routers of the organization will be used along with the encapsulation schemes. On the originating host, the edge router will be placed. Another edge router on the destination host will be responsible for the de-capsulation. (Raicu Zeadally, 2003) There will be a tunnel between the edge routers at two ends. Again there will be two protocol stacks of IPv4/ IPv6 at two ends. These stacks will be supported by the hosts at both ends. Again, the source will encapsulate the packets, that will flow through the tunnel and the destination will de-capsulate the packets. Following picture illustrates the idea. The dual stacks at the both ends are needed to be supported by the edge routers. QoS and Security IPv6 provides better QoS and Security compared to the same in IPv4. IPv6 protocol helps in identifying payload that are time sensitive or not. A network can have two types of these packets. It helps in reducing the time in retransmission. IPv6 helps in setting priorities for data transmissions that provide low latency. Applications can select from the priority list as per requirement. A source of significant delay in packet transmission is fragmentation of packets. In IPv6 fragmentation is handled in different way. There is a negotiation between the source and the destination devices about the maximum size of the payload and other parameters are adjusted accordingly. It reduces latency and fragmentation significantly thus helps in better utilization of the network resources. There is QoS implementations on each of the networking device. On the other hand, security of IPv6 protocol is more stringent than the same in the IPv4 protocol. IPSec is an important part of the security mechanisms in IPv6. End to end security is ensured in IPv6. (Li, Jinmei, Shima, 2010) Conclusion In this report IPv6 and different aspects of IPv6 implementation have been discussed. There is a brief description of IPv6 along with discussion on benefits and drawbacks of IPv6, transition mechanisms, QoS and security etc. have been also discussed. Task 4: TCS Ltd. is also considering the provisioning of voice over IP (VoIP) and mobile IP (MIP) for its employees. It is anticipated this will both reduce operational costs and increase network efficiency.Make a business case for such implementation. The Business Case should Explain the underlying concepts of VoIP and MIP. Analyze and evaluate mobile IP networks, particularly examining routing and security issues. Analyze and evaluate the VoIP and MIP in the Enterprise networks. Introduction The aim of this report is to provide information of VoIP and MIP as requested by the TCS Ltd. The organization wants to implement these protocols and technologies for their employees. The organization wants to focus on the reduction of operational cost and modifying efficiency of network. VoIP or Voice over Internet Protocol VoIP or Voice over IP is a technology that helps a group of people to deliver voice and multimedia based communication over IP based networks like Internet. It is also called IP telephony. It supports services like voice communication, SMS, fax etc. over the Internet unlike traditional telephony system, it does not use circuit switching. Rather internet telephony or VoIP uses packet switching networks and packetization of data. An example of VoIP is Skype. (Porter, 2006) There are underlying technologies like session control, signaling control, setting up the call, tearing down the call etc. There are special medial delivery protocols to encode audio, video etc. as digital and streaming data. VoIP can be used by computers, laptops, smart phones etc. SMS service is available over WiFi or 3G connections. (Goode, 2002) Quality of Service or QoS of VoIP has several issues. VoIP is implemented over the Ip networks. IP networks are best effort networks and there may be loss of data, untimely deliver, latency related problem etc. VoIP will use time sensitive communication data. There is no provision of identifying and handling time sensitive data. Network traffic is handled by a first come first serve basis. There is no way to control fixed delays etc. The end points of a VoIP communication path may have to wait for the completion of the transmission of packets from one end to other, then one end will be able to send more data. Security is another consideration of VoIP. There are risks of DoS attacks, stealing of information, eavesdropping etc. There are other technical consideration related to security. For example, VoIP traffic also passes through the firewalls, NATs etc. so, there are chances that communication may get blocked. Encryption is always not supported by VoIP. (Wallingford, 2005) Some of the security measurements and protocols available for the VoIP are, SRTP or Secure Real time Transport Protocol. Also there are implementation of IPSec for the point to point communications. Mobile Internet Protocol MIP or Mobile IP is based on the idea of mobile computing and mobility of devices in a network. It helps a mobile device to keep its IP address same while moving around networks. A mobile node is allowed to have two types of address a care of address and a home address. The care of address changes whenever it moves to some other network, on the other hand the home address is remained same. Thus the computing activities based on the IP addresses are not hampered even there is a change in the network. (Raab, 2007) There are several security and QoS considerations. Most of the times mobile nodes use wireless connectivity options. These links are highly susceptible to vulnerabilities and information security risks. The risks may be active replay attacks, eavesdropping etc. These vulnerabilities cannot be eliminated. But use of encryption etc. can help. Tunneling used in MIP has some serious vulnerability. Thus authentication is always needed here. It also used ARP in case of tunneling. But it is hard to implement authentication for ARP. Thus, there will be some inherent vulnerability. (James, 2008) Conclusion In this report VoIP and MIP has been discussed. There is discussion on what are VoIP, MIP along with security, QoS issues and how enterprise networks are using those. References Ahmed, A., Madani, H., Siddiqui, T. (2010). VoIP Performance Management and Optimization. Cisco Press. Ahson, S. A., Ilyas, M. (2008). VoIP Handbook. CRC Press. Alani, M. M. (2014). Guide to OSI and TCP/IP Models. Springer. Blank, A. G. (2006). TCP/IP Foundations. John Wiley Sons. Blank, A. G. (2006). TCP/IP JumpStart. John Wiley Sons. Comer, D. (2006). Internetworking with TCP/IP: Principles, protocols, and architecture. Prentice Hall. Goode, B. (2002). Voice over internet protocol (VoIP). IEEE. Goralski, W. (2009). The Illustrated Network. Morgan Kaufmann. Graziani, R. (2012). IPv6 Fundamentals. Cisco Press. Hagen, S. (2014). IPv6 Essentials. O'Reilly Media, Inc. Held, G. (2002). The ABCs of TCP/IP. CRC Press. James, S. (2008). Mobile Ip: The Internet Unplugged. Pearson . John J. Amoss, D. M. (2007). Handbook of IPv4 to IPv6 Transition. CRC Press. Johnson, D., Perkins, C., Arkko, J. (2004). Mobility support in IPv6. Karas, J., Peschke, R. (2002). TCP/IP Tutorial and Technical Overview. Prentice Hall PTR. Kozierok, C. M. (2005). The TCP/IP Guide. No Starch Press. Li, Q., Jinmei, T., Shima, K. (2010). IPv6 Core Protocols Implementation. Morgan Kaufmann. Loshin, P. (2004). IPv6. Morgan Kaufmann. Mondal, A. S. (2012). Mobile IP. Springer . Norris, M. (2001). Mobile IP Technology for M-business. Artech House. Perkins, C. E. (2005). Mobile IP. Pearson . Porter, T. (2006). Practical VoIP Security. Syngress. Raab, S. (2007). Mobile Ip Technology And Applications. Pearson . Raicu, I., Zeadally, S. (2003). Evaluating IPv4 to IPv6 Transition Mechanisms. IEEE. Reynders, D., Wright, E. (2003). Practical TCP/IP and Ethernet Networking. Newnes. Thermos, P., Takanen, A. (2007). Securing VoIP Networks. Pearson . Wallingford, T. (2005). Switching to VoIP. O'Reilly Media, Inc.

Memorandum Essays - Parking, , Term Papers

Memorandum To: All teachers From: Date: August 22, 2016 Subject: AR point requirements As we start our new school year, I would like to remind everyone about our AR point requirements. Students must meet both requirements to be considered for the Six Weeks party, along with their behavior in class. If students do not meet their goal of 85% on accuracy and 100% of their points read, then they will not even be considered. If they meet both of those requirements, haven't been sent to the office, or had more than three warnings in class then they are eligible for the party. I could really use your help in encouraging our students to work hard to meet their goals. Not every kid has the same goal. It is an individual goal that they are encouraged to do their best to achieve. If you see a kid struggling please find them a reading partner to read with to help them along the way. Not every school has a program as eventful as ours. We have shown great improvement in the past two years and I look forward to seeing much more! This will be another great year! Please help me out as we are here to show these kids that reading can be fun and a key to their success. Thanks. cc: Janice George, Principal From: [emailprotected] To: TVCC Dean of Students Subject: Added Late Night Parking Lot Student Safety Dean Jordan, For several weeks now there has been a feeling of fear from students as they walk to their dorms or parking lot after night classes. This has been caused by the recent vehicle burglaries, and student assaults on campus. So, we have decided to take your advice, and not travel alone. Several student groups have volunteered to escort other students to their dorms or parking spaces at night. This in return has caused some of us to come in late past curfew. Would you please discuss this issue with the Dorm Advisors and let them know that the reasoning for the past curfew entries is justified, We feel this is added security needed until the college is able to boost its police force parking lot patrols. I have arraigned a meeting of several fraternities, and student groups to discuss this further. It will be held Wednesday, August 3, 2016 at 6PM in the Student union Building. We invite you to attend and add your thoughts. Sincerely, Julie Florence D A D C E Memo B B D B C C False

Commentary on Oscar and Lucind essays

Commentary on Oscar and Lucind essays Commentary on Oscar and Lucinda The passage from the novel, Oscar and Lucinda is a narrative, descriptive piece of writing describing in detail Oscars experience of visiting a glass factory/business. Oscar is surprised to discover beauty and wonder in the manufacturing process of glass; however this infatuation and deep admiration of glass could be a reflection of his admiration for the owner of the glass factory. The passage is written in third person, but readers engage in Oscars thoughts and feelings through the authors use of expressionism. Although Oscar and Lucinda was written in 1988, it is set in the past. This is apparent from the oxen droppings in the street as well as the fact that men are used to manufacture glass bottles and not machinery, man had made his body comply with the needs of manufacturing. The structure of the passage shows a noticeable change in imagery halfway through, from natural scenery to foul and dirty images of a factory. The passage starts with a lighthearted, humoristic tone. We are introduced to Oscar, as he is seen by other men. These men consider him to be an odd bird and they laugh at his comic figure, but not maliciously This conveys to readers, that Oscar is a likeable character with unusual ways, or just unique qualities. He is not like other men and this is accentuated even more by his movements or actions, he leaped across the puddle, waved an umbrella, jumped to avoid some oxen droppings. The image suggests, that he is a happy, lively person, however his behavior is slightly childish, and it is possible to assume that he is not very macho or manly. From line six onwards, the focus is directed on Oscar and his various feelings, the tone consequently becoming somewhat more serious. With the line Oscar felt he had opene...

Chinese Business Etiquette

Chinese Business Etiquette From setting up a meeting to formal negotiations, knowing the right words to say is integral in conducting business. This is especially true if you are hosting or are guests of international business people. When planning or attending a Chinese business meeting, keep these tips on Chinese business etiquette in mind. Setting Up a Meeting When setting up a Chinese business meeting, it is important to send as much information to your Chinese counterparts in advance. This includes details about the topics to be discussed and background information on your company. Sharing this information ensures that the people you want to meet will actually attend the meeting. However, preparing in advance will not get you confirmation of the actual meeting’s day and time. It is not uncommon to wait anxiously until the last minute for confirmation. Chinese businessmen often prefer waiting until a few days before or even the day of the meeting to confirm the time and place. Arrival Etiquette Be on time. Arriving late is considered rude. If you do arrive late, apologizing for your tardiness is a must. If you are hosting the meeting, it is proper etiquette to send a representative to greet the meeting’s participants outside the building or in the lobby, and then personally escort them to the meeting room. The host should be waiting in the meeting room to greet all meeting attendants. The senior-most guest should enter the meeting room first. While entrance by rank is a must during high-level government meetings, it is becoming less formal for regular business meetings. Seating Arrangements at a Chinese Business Meeting After handshakes and exchanging business cards, guests will take their seats. The seating is typically arranged by rank. The host should escort the senior-most guest to his or her seat as well as any VIP guests. The place of honor is to the host’s right on a sofa or in chairs that are opposite the room’s doors. If the meeting is held around a large conference table, then the guest of honor is seated directly opposite the host. Other high-ranking guests sit in the same general area while the remainder of the guests can choose their seats from among the remaining chairs. If the meeting is held around a large conference table, all the Chinese delegation may opt to sit on one side of the table and foreigners on the other. This is especially true for formal meetings and negotiations. The principal delegates are seated in the meeting with lower ranking attendees placed at either end of the table. Discussing Business Meetings usually begin with small talk to help both sides feel more comfortable. After a few moments of small talk, there is a short welcoming speech from the host followed by a discussion of the meeting’s topic. During any conversation, Chinese counterparts will often nod their heads or make affirmative utterances. These are signals that they are listening to what is being said and understand what is being said. These are not agreements to what is being said. Do not interrupt during the meeting. Chinese meetings are highly structured and interjecting beyond a quick remark is considered rude. Also, don’t put anyone on the spot by asking them to provide information they seem unwilling to give or challenge a person directly. Doing so will lead them to become embarrassed and lose face.

Social Network Website Design & Justification Assignment

Social Network Website Design & Justification - Assignment Example Users are then prompted to complete their public profile. Completing the contact details and public profile section allows users to effectively participate on the online community forums. For example, they can use their screen name to share their blood donation pictures online. One a first user is logged into my account, they will find a number of interactive features that will help them navigate the interface and customize their own profile the way they want. New users can also click navigation help to learn how to interact with the interface of the site. Returning users will have enhanced interactive features that allow them to donate blood, track their donation. They will also be able to build their reputation based on their number of friends and the number of donations, ratings. The website will incorporate a number of links to various online games where by registered users who are online will be able to play win/loose games with other users who are also online. One of the main social network games that will be in cooperated into the new site is a farming simulation game known as FarmVille. The proposed design of the social media site for Canadian blood services has a number of interactive features that are not only designed to enhance the usability of the social media site but also to motivate potential users into donating blood as well as increase the number of people joining signing up into the site. For example, to attract more people to the new site, various features have been included to allow registered members of the donor community to invite their friends through other social media channels such as Facebook and twitter by click â€Å"add friend† or â€Å"invite others† buttons. On the other hand, non registered users and visitors can also share the contents of the social media site to their twitter or Facebook accounts. Once individuals have been attracted to the site, the next important challenge is to motivate them to successfully undergo

Keeping Up Appearances At All Costs Mr. Nilson and The Japanese Quince Essay

Keeping Up Appearances At All Costs Mr. Nilson and The Japanese Quince - Essay Example The bird and the tree were fully alive, truly natural; Mr. Nilson merely existed - going through the motions behind the faade of a wealthy businessman. Appearances had to be maintained, even if this resulted in a lonely life and missed opportunities for friendship. The main problem with Mr. Nilson is his inability to break away from what he saw as the rules and strictures of polite Victorian society and make contact with another human being. He was a rich, London businessman, living in wealthy surroundings, a man who took care of his health and appearance. He was a creature of habit, leading an orderly life, which made him feel secure, even as he suffered some physical discomfort. His neighbour, Mr. Tandram seemed his exact replica, as in "well known in the City" and "of about Mr. Nilson's own height, with firm, well-coloured cheeks, neat brown mustaches, and round, well-opened, clear grey eyes, and he was wearing a black frock coat." (Galsworthy) How he looked to others was important for Nilson. The similarities run right through the story, ending in sadness for two lonely people who could have connected, if only they had not been so conventional, so concerned with how things looked, and with keeping up outside appearances. It was the tree, the blackbird and the beauty of the day that combined to touch their separate emotions and bring them together for a short time, to forget themselves.

Channel Conflict Analysis of Schwinn Essay Example for Free

Channel Conflict Analysis of Schwinn Essay With Schwinn’s recent expansion into many large-scale retail stores (i. e. Wal-Mart, Toys-R-Us, Target, etc. ), they began to shift into a dual channel marketing strategy. Often times, if not handled properly, this type of approach can result in significant problems for some or all of the distribution channel partners. Fortunately for Schwinn however, they were able to make many critical decisions which ensured that each of the partners’ distinct interests was narrowly aligned with their own. This proactive plan not only motivated many of their smaller independent bicycle dealers to continue carrying their products but it also allowed Schwinn to effectively reach a much larger segment of their target market. By closely analyzing this case, we can learn many valuable lessons regarding the overall importance of strong channel management. Product differentiation was one of the primary ways that Schwinn managed to avoid channel conflict. Schwinn segmented the market and delivered to the different segments of the market through different channels. The product line delivered through the mass market channel consisted of completely different bicycles than those found at the independent bicycle dealers. This segmentation reduced the likelihood of conflict between the two channels, since the two product lines were targeted at segments with little to no crossover. Additionally, Schwinn introduced products like the Sting Ray which had nostalgic appeal and stretched beyond the traditional customer base of the independent bicycle dealers. These types of bicycles provided them with a unique product and furthermore a healthy margin to bolster profits. By maintaining distinct product lines for their two channels, Schwinn was able to minimize multi-channel conflict. The key to motivating channel members is to provide value and benefits to each partner in order to align interests and thus achieve the ultimate goal: satisfy the customer’s needs. Schwinn used both push and pull strategies effectively. By offering a relatively higher margin level than other high-end manufacturers catering to independent bicycle dealers, they were able to restore the confidence and interest of their long term retailers in spite of going for a dual channel strategy. Moreover, as mentioned in the article, unlike most companies in the industry, there was no complicated loyalty formula required to get the best prices from Schwinn. In addition, Schwinn did not require specific pre-order sales in order to carry their products. Instead, suppliers were granted flexible purchasing options so they did not have to unnecessarily stock inventories during their off-seasons (i. e. winter months in cold climates). This push strategy not only reduced the administrative cost of the retailers, but also improved the inventory turnover and ultimately the retailers’ bottom line. Conversely, Schwinn was also able to simultaneously create a pull strategy after they utilized the extensive media exposure of products, such as the Sting Ray, to increase the brand recognition among customers thus drawing them to the independent bicycle dealers. In addition to this, the specialty storeowners found significant profits lying in the repairing of these bikes and selling of parts/accessories. This proved to be a great factor for specialty bike owners to remain in business while selling Schwinn. They had a clear edge over other big retailers like Wal-Mart who did not provide any after sales service to its customers. Because they were making money by servicing the bikes sold at the mass market stores, the independent bicycle dealers were more tolerant of losing some sales on the edge of their segment to Wal-Mart, Target, Toys-R-Us, etc. Schwinn has done a good job of heading off any channel conflict by keeping the incentives aligned for its two main distribution channels. By expanding its product line into major retailers, the company has been able to target a new segment of casual bike riders. With Schwinn’s new line of entry-level bikes, big-box stores can satisfy the needs of casual bike riders by offering a large selection of affordable bikes at convenient locations. Meanwhile, Schwinn still provides a number of incentives to local bike shops, which form the company’s other main distribution channel. These shops still profit from service and repair, which large retailers do not offer. Additionally, some of Schwinn’s higher-end models are exclusively available in bike shops. Finally, Schwinn is flexible with its inventory requirements and offers good margins. By offering different incentives to each of its distribution channels, Schwinn has been able to target more customers while also keeping its retailers happy.

Orientalist Musings and their Applicability to Three Kings :: Essays Papers

Orientalist Musings and their Applicability to Three Kings The concept of Orientalism is one in which Edward Said, a renowned intellectual with a solid background in the field of Arab study, is particularly knowledgeable. If the concepts surrounding Orientalism are broken down into specific elemental degrees, then Said portrays the American conception of Arabic entities and their inhabitants with a plethora of stereotypes that generate a false depiction of the Arabic culture. This, of course, is only an extremely small portion of the grandiose Orientalist dilemma that is currently quite prevalent in modern day society. Yet, for this paper’s ultimate purpose, this sector will be the sole focus. As Said intimates, the lens that the Americans utilize in order to acquire information about Arabs is one that reflects perceptions falsely. This lens is skewed in order to protect and support certain interests, whether they be American or western based. Movies, particularly when generated through the Hollywood action- based gen re, have an false generalization of the way in which an Arabic people are. In some respects, the Hollywood produced movie, Three Kings, is a pertinent acknowledgment of the former. In many portions of the film, the enumerated antics may cause for a feeling of disdain toward the Arab nation. Yet, compared to the majority of the typical Hollywood action-based films, Three Kings manages to break away from these abhorrent stereotypes and provide a more than average acknowledgment of the sheer complexity of the Arab people as individual, separate from Saddam Hussein. Therefore, Said’s primary proposed conception of Orientalism is challenged and the Arab is depicted as a person trying to fight Hussein. In correlation with Said’s Orientalist argument, American film portrays the Arab as the enemy, but in Three Kings this concept is challenged. Typically, by the end of an American film, there are a significantly greater number of Arab bodies than that of the superpower, in this case the United States of America. To a greater extent, Three Kings plays around with this typical film-like mentality. In the film, when the men are stranded and are looking for some way to escape from the village and rescue their man Troy, George Clooney states, â€Å"we are not supposed to be involved with this, we killed Iraqi soldiers, violated the peace accord, and a plane will not come for us.

The Most Memorable Event in My Life

According to my experience, the most memorable event in my life was realizing the significance of being honest. At the age of sixteen, I was not only stubborn but also naive. I always thought that I was a perfect girl who would never have any fault. Those attitudes caused some negative consequences, such as ignoring people's suggestions, or being harsh to realize how foolish I was. I was an exchange student at Japan when I was sixteen years old. At the beginning of exchanging experience, I felt curious and excited to be in a totally new environment.People around me spoke different languages, and majority of them had different culture and background from mine. Initially I did feel pleased to talk about my culture with new friends, but those feeling didn't last long. After few days, I suddenly felt exhausted and embarrassed at Japan. I didn't understand the class, and I couldn't even ask questions. The main difficulty was expressing my ideas in understandable ways. Later, I found the t extbook in Chinese version to catch up class materials.Unfortunately, the teacher announced that the quiz would come shortly. At that moment, I was not only lost but also scared. I tried my best not to be behind, but ability of learning independently disappointed me a lot. There were misunderstanding of basic principles and concepts existed when I was studying. However, no one could help me to understand better. At the quiz day, the whole class seemed confident except me. During the quiz time, I cheated at my neighbor’s paper when she went to washroom and exam proctors caught me.After the quiz, my counselor was shock when she knew what happened. I received the punishment from school with one-week volunteer time. At the same time, my best friend advised me to apologize to my counselor because she trusted so much. After several days, my counselor finally talked and taught me the importance of being honest in life. After long time, I still remember this experience. This made me recognize that people were not perfect, but you could make little progress every day to get closer to being perfect.

Meichenbaum’s Self-instructional training

Problem: Feeling insecure about not being intelligent enough compared to my classmates. Phase 1: Self-observation I have been an average student all my life, and I am aware that at times I feel insecure and doubt my own abilities to be able to complete the required tasks and assignments in my classes to be able to finish this program. When an instructor gives out assignments or projects I always ask myself whether I could do it or not, most of the time I feel I can’t. Then when during class discussions or debates I listen to my classmates and I wonder how eloquently they are able to share their thoughts and argue their opinions.I often listen to myself and my internal dialogue had been how unsure I am of my answers, how I fear talking in front of my classmates because I might not be able to give the correct answer. I want to be able to change this behavior and negative self-perception; I want to be more confident and smart in class. Phase 2: Starting a new internal dialogue Ac cording to Meichenbaum, the second stage in the behavioral change process is to start a new internal dialogue that is not in accordance with the old negative internal dialogue.The client can work with this new internal dialogue with the therapist, but I guess I could do it without the help of the therapist. I could basically throw rebuttals to my negative internal dialogues. If for example, I say I am not smart, then my new internal dialogue would be that I always had good grades, I never failed a course and that is being smart. I could also say to myself that there will always be people who are better than me and that I am better than others too. Phase 3: Learning a new skillIn this phase, the client learns new behaviors to cope with the negative internal dialogues and to be able to learn skills that would bring about behavior change. For me, I could probably learn how to be able to speak more confidently and I could do that by observing how my classmates put their thoughts togethe r and how they deliver it in class. I could buy a book about public speaking or better communication skills and learn it. I could also ask my classmates their strategies for studying and maybe learn those strategies to be able to study better and have higher grades.

Frankenstein4 essays

Frankenstein4 essays Protagonist: The protagonist in the novel is Victor Frankenstein. He is the main character who contends with the conflict in the novel. His decision to create life provides a problem that he attempts to escape but eventually marks his death. Antagonist: The antagonist in the novel is also the protagonist, Victor Frankenstein. Victor may have directed all of his hate and blame towards the monster he created, but is worst enemy lay within himself and his refusal to accept responsibility for his actions. Conflict: The main conflict in the novel is based on the monster Victor Frankenstein created in his laboratory. He neglects his responsibility to the monster he created by ignoring its existence, and his cowardice leads to inner feelings of guilt and unhappiness that ultimately cause his life to unravel and the people he loves to perish. His refusal to be accountable for his action brings the misery and misfortune that constitute the foundation of the novel. Chronology: Robert Walton writes in his first letter to his sister Margaret Saville about his desire to explore the world. His second letter then tells about his preparations for a crew and more about how he desires to explore the unexplored. In this letter he also explains how he wishes he had a friend to share his life with. In his third letter, he tells how the voyage is underway and going well. His fourth letter tells how the ship became trapped between floating blocks of ice and, after being freed, the ship encounters and takes aboard a man who was stranded on floating ice. Walton tells how the man is in wretched condition and is very melancholy. He tells how he gradually befriends the man and, after talking for some time, the man agrees to tell Walton the story of his life and how he came to be where he is now. His name is told to be Victor Frankenstein. Walton, during the narration, takes notes in the form of a letter for Margaraet. Victor Frankenstein ...

Facing failure how to overcome and find success again

Facing failure how to overcome and find success again Failing at something triggers a ton of different emotions: the shame spiral, mountains of self-doubt, and fear-induced projections far into the future. The nagging perfectionist within can often take a small failure and blow it up exponentially. But while most of these perceptions are exaggerated in the moment, a setback can, in fact, have lasting effects on your future behavior. Whether these effects are positive or negative is up to you. Yes, the fear of failure can hold you back from future endeavors, like making a career move or taking risks in your job. But most successful people can take failure and turn it into opportunity. Mistakes are one of the primary ways that people learn. Dare I say, mistakes are good- and failure can be a powerful motivator that spurs on future success and keeps you moving forward, rather than holding you back.Dissecting failureYou don’t want to internalize failure, let it define you, or wallow in any single setback too long. Still, oftentimes w hen you face failure you have to be able to take a step back and really dissect the factors that contributed to the event. We tend to assign fault to ourselves pretty easily, but this is really a time where you want to let logic take over.Make a list of what factors were beyond your control. At work, there can be industry factors that lead to a bad string of luck, new competition, or a market downturn. But if a setback resulted from things that were in your control, what would you do differently?Once you assess the factors that led to the failure, you’re ready to make a plan for next time. How can you better anticipate factors outside your control? (Sometimes you can’t.) What new approach would you take if you could redo everything? By planning to take practical measures over an extended period of time, you can set yourself up for future success in similar situations.Defining failureSometimes, especially when factors are out of your control, you can’t prepare fo r a similar situation in the future. The only way to make it better is to build your resilience in overcoming a setback. How you respond to it and define it are equally important. A â€Å"failure† is often felt differently depending on your perspective. Walk through how you might perceive what happened if you heard the story from a friend or colleague. How would you reassure someone else that this setback wasn’t the end of the world?Another way to approach the problem is to alter your perception of your mistakes. Were you expecting too much of yourself? Let’s say, for example, the setback was not landing a new job that you really wanted. Because there are many factors that lead to a hiring manager choosing Candidate X over Candidate Y, your success or failure in landing a job may not be determined by any of your actions. You should redefine this situation in a positive light. If you made it to the interview stage of the process, you were a strong candidate. That should count as a success. The ability to redefine the situation is an integral part of the process of building your resilience.Defining goalsAnother important response to any setback is to look to the future. If you’re not where you want to be right now, picture your dream job or what success looks like in your current job. Then, consider one small practical goal that can get you moving in that direction. The setback can be motivation to set your sights on your next goal- and your next goal should not be, â€Å"I want to avoid x.† You want to take a positive track and work toward something (rather than running away from something). This is an important distinction, as the goal you have in mind should not be defined by past failures (or a continual reminder thereof).Defining fearsLastly, the main thing to avoid after facing failure is to let the fear of future failure govern your behavior. Make a list of your fears. Sometimes fears can also be closely aligned with you r goals. Sometimes, overcoming fear and running towards what scares you most can actually be your next goal, and can help you get on a path toward success.The point of failure and the fear that surrounds it is actually to fuel the fire that moves you forward. Allow failure to motivate you to take actions that will ensure your future success.

Marketing module 1 Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Marketing module 1 Case Study - Essay Example This paper will be directed towards describing the target markets and market positioning strategies of two companies having products and services that are similar and belong to the same industry classification. In this respect I have chosen to compare and contrast Wal-Mart and K-Mart, two of America’s most well-known discount stores and indeed Fortune 500 companies worthy of global recognition. Interestingly both of these companies have been in operation for more than 40 years and have seen a lot of ups and downs in the corporate landscape. The Wal-Mart chain is the brainchild of Sam Walton who worked at J.C Penney’s before opening up his own store in Arkansas in 1962. Due to his outstanding success, the company quickly expanded to 24 stores across the state before going public in 1969. Today it owns and operates over 8500 stores in 15 countries under the Wal-Mart logo as well as other names (Frank, 2006). On the other hand, K-Mart was formed back in 1899 by Sebastian S . Kresge, who as a travelling salesman met and was inspired by Frank Woolworth, owner of the original discount store concept business that bears his name. K-Mart has also been reconstituted and changed its logo after coming out of bankruptcy proceedings in 2002. The company is slowly reconsolidating its position in the USA and worldwide. Big Kmart, K-wash, K-Cafe and Kmart Supercenter stores are concepts similar to Wal-Mart’s Sam’s Club, Walmart market, Marketside, Express and other initiatives. Comparison of Target Markets and Positioning Strategies Coming to the concept of target markets and market positioning strategies, we see that Wal-Mart had previously adopted a one-size fits all approach and sought to attract all groups of customers by offering slightly lower prices and volume discounts. This is also reflected by its slogan for 19 years which ran as: ‘Always lower prices, always’. But lately the company has evolved a new business strategy that acti vely practices market segmentation. Its segmented groups may be stated as African-Americans, Hispanics, affluent empty nesters, rural residents and suburbanites (Walmart website, 2011). Based upon current research, the company’s biggest three customer group segments are Brand Aspirationals, value-price shoppers and price-sensitive affluents. Meanwhile the company has also reconstituted its logo and slogan which reads: ’Saving people money so that they can live better lives.’ As compared to this, K-Mart’s has not yet done the customer segmentation approach. It is still busy reconsolidating and experimenting with changes after the 2005 purchase of Sears. Its businesses in Australia and New Zealand operate under entirely separate management. While the names of some stores have been retained, others have been sold to the Wesfarmers group (K-Mart website, 2011). Creating a New Target Market and Consumer Perceptions Creating a new target market may be easy or d ifficult, depending on the nature of the product or service, the ease of introducing a new product line that does something a little different or is offered to complement something that the existing products are already offering. I would imagine that K-Mart and Wal-Mart would do well to offer a line of exclusive and specialty products as cars or business suits that are made by the world’

Feasibility study Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Feasibility study - Research Paper Example Protein is in the spotlight today because it is not only healthy, but it is also truly the essence of life. The Atkins diet hasn’t hurt the business any either but rather it has enlightened the mankind about importance of protein rich diet and ho it is healthy and valuable to the human beings. Many consumers have found cheese great for their diets and it has helped spur growth in the single-serve cheeses that are purchased in the grocery stores as an easy means of a quick snack readily available off the corner. Convenient foods are an ever growing food segment too which mostly contain cheese. Peezanoâ„ ¢ seeks to leverage and capitalize on the numerous competitive advantages its patents are able to provide in the food service (bulk cheese) and packaged cheese goods markets. In addition, the Company has identified a line of proprietary, delicious tasting, health conscious and convenient meal solutions. Peezano will initially target the domestic mozzarella cheese market as a means to leverage its advantage over the mozzarella cheese. This market represents well over 3 billion pounds of cheese produced and consumed each year which represents over pounds 4 billion in sales. The Company’s Peezanoâ„ ¢ cheese, will be marketed as a Premium level cheese with more flavor, fewer calories, less cholesterol, more tender and with a longer shelf life. Phase 1 : Product/Service Feasibility Analysis Cheese manufacturing technology developed by Peezanoâ„ ¢ allows it to produce a new kind of cheese that is better tasting than mozzarella and yet at a 30% lower cost. In 2010, the British consumers have consumed more than 2.6 billion pounds of cheese (www. .dairyco.org.uk). According to the most recent statistics, â€Å"Latest  Kantar Worldpanel  data shows that cheese volume sales have increased by 3.2% (12,649 tonnes) to 407,642 tonnes in the 52 weeks ending 26 December 2010, when compared to the same period in 2009. Spend has also increased compared t o the previous year, up by 3.6% (?84.8m) to ?2.5bn for the 52 weeks ending 26 December 2010.   The total average price stood at ?6.03/kg, 0.4% (?0.02/kg) more than the same period last year.† (www.dairyco.org.uk). Cheese is a highly nutritious and palatable food which contains protein, essential minerals, vitamins, and other nutrients found in the milk base. â€Å"Almost all households in Britain purchase cheese with the average household buying 1.5 times per week. The typical basket size was up by 4.7% over the last year with the average price paid of ?2.70 per kilogram giving a total spend per person of ?95.68.†Ã¢â‚¬  (www.flex-news-food.com) Today, British manufactures are using more than one-third of their milk production to produce cheese for the country. Concept and usability Testing:   The new technology of cheese manufacturing and the cheese quality produced was subjected to extensive consumer taste research. The concept was

Compare the Media Law of England and Wales with a European Country Essay

Compare the Media Law of England and Wales with a European Country - Essay Example England and Wales laws differ with other European countries like Italy and Australia, depending on privacy and defamation laws governing the media, as well as regarding the age of criminal responsibility. For example, the age of criminal responsibility in England and Wales is 8, 14 in Italy, 18 in Belgium, and 16 in Spain. This paper will critically analyse how the international journalism and media laws differ from the legal systems in England and Wales, using case studies. The media laws The freedom of speech should be provided to the media, yet, the people have rights which need to be protected; the exact opposite of the media’s rights (Banks and Hanna, 2009, 2). France has been lagging behind in the freedom of the media, it being the last European country to launch the use of television, UK being the first, followed by Italy, then Germany (Katisrea, 2008, 13). In France, broadcasting until 1982, was a state monopoly, controlled by the minister of information and culture, a nd this ushered in a lot of manipulation from the government (Katsirea, 2008, 19). A law passed in 1982 is what brought about the abolishment of state monopoly in broadcasting. In Greece, the media law prohibits advertising children’s toys between 7am and 10 pm. NCRTV is the only independent authority governing the media in Greece. ... ivil, and which allows a victim of harm through publication of materials, word or any other means, to sue the responsible party (Banks and Hanna, 2009, 305). The aim of the laws of defamation is to strike a balance between promoting freedom of speech, and that of protection (Quinn, 2009, 183). The injunctions and super injunctions applied by England’s and Wales’s legal system to protect people from having their information published in the media, are not applied in all European countries, yet, some countries like France have adopted the trend and privacy is incredibly common. The case of Ryan Giggs injunction on Imogen of Big Brother and against the Sun Newspaper is an indication of England and Wales’s regulations on media laws. Ryan Giggs managed to get an injunction in April 2011 against the Sun newspaper mentioning his name as the person involved in the sex scandal with Imogen Thomas (BBC, 2012). The privacy cases arise from the 1998 Human Right Act, which giv es people the right to protection (Quinn, 2009, 251). Injunctions are issued giving rights to them being known, yet the presence of super injunctions is not supposed to be known. Francois Mitterrand’s physician, Claude Gubler, published book in 1996, two weeks after his death revealing his last secret. Mitterrand had been diagnosed with prostrate cancer in 1981, and not in 1992. The family obtained a temporary injunction against the selling of the book, after 40, 000 copies of the final secret had been sold. The injunction was aimed at preventing the selling of the books or even the publishing of the book by the media houses and news papers (Tiersky, 2003, 220). In France when Mitterrand was the president, the media was gagged lot and its freedom restrained. This is evidenced by the fact that he gagged

Bahrain Petroleum Company Bapco Commerce Essay

Bahrain Petroleum Company Bapco Commerce Essay The company has a massive capacity of up to 250,000 barrel of refinery per day. Not only is the gigantic storage capacity of more than 14 million barrels available with the company. Not only that the company owns a marine terminal for marketing and sales of its petroleum products. The new areas of oil and gas reserves are monitored and it is calculated that if the reserves is good enough for exploration that is if the output will exceed the cost that might be input on it. Thus there is a continuous search of oil fields that can help the company to increase its output and sales. Drilling and Production: BAPCO uses advanced drilling techniques and methods to pull out the maximum oil output from its reserves. The company is also working hard to foster more gas as per the rising demand of gas around the world for the vehicle operations. The following diagram shows how the drilling process. Company output: BAPCO has the largest refinery in the Middle East. Its refinery gives an output of 250,000 barrels of crude oil per day. The company gets 1/6th of its crude oil output from Bahrain and the rest from the Saudi Arabia through a fixed pipeline which is 27 kms on land and the other 27kms under the sea. The following diagram shows the refining process. Marketing by BAPCO: As stated earlier only 5% of the BAPCO output is sold in the domestic market and the rest 95% is exported to other countries of the world. These include the countries in the Middle East, Far East, South East Asia and India. BAPCO also sells aviation fuel to Bahrain International Airport through its affiliate. The company holds 60% of the shareholding in BAFCO or Bahrain Aviation Fuelling Company. Purpose, Mission, Vision and Value statement of BAPCO: Purpose of the BAPCO includes collaboration and growth in its field of business that is petroleum and related industries. The company aims at maximizing its contribution to the national income of Bahrain by earning more foreign currency and bringing full employment to its own country citizens. Mission of the company is to create value for money for its customers in the domestic and international market by improving its present operation and quality of integrated oil and gas business. Vision of the company is to achieve excellence in its field and push back its competitors. Values of the company include the innovation, integrity, teamwork, respect and personal accountability to its customers and the kingdom of Bahrain. Sustainability Report: Sustainability report contains the information about the economic health of the company, its working internal and external environment, social and legal position of the company. Mostly the sustainability report can be found out in the operations part of the financial report of the company. In this article we will take a look at the financial report of the company in year 2010. The sustainability report of BAPCO can be figured out as follows. Economic factors. The economic factors of the company signify the development and progress of the company in the coming years. The key figures of the company economic factors include the followings. The company refinery processed 265,200 barrels per day of crude oil, which is highest ever production by the company. A new plant of the refinery worth US$151 million is inaugurated in 2010. The company has issued a number of plans which are discussed and planned to be followed in the coming years. Thus the company has a lot more to develop growth plans which are expected to come in action in following years. Environment. The environment of the company is conducive for making expansion and progress of the company in the coming years. The features of the company environment are as follows. In the challenging environment of global slowdown the company has achieved a satisfactory gross refinery margin of US$ 6.87 per barrel. The sale of 85.6 million barrel of refined oil was sold in 36 countries in the fiscal year of 2010. The company started its export to Singapore and Egypt in May. It consisted the first consignment of 62,000 tonnes of ultra low sulphur gas oil or ULSD. Thus with the global slowdown around the world, the company is still expanding its operations and earning good profits from the foreign market. Social activities. The social activities of the company include the development of awareness of key issues related to the environment, health and safety of the employees in the company premises. For this purpose the following steps are taken. An annual EHS day is celebrated by the company. In year 2010, the day was celebrated by 20,000 employees of the company with their families. The 404 Bahraini university and collegeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s student got on the job industrial training at BAPCO in 2010. A new scheme has been introduced by BAPCO, which consisted of awarding bursaries to cover the higher education fees of nearly 400 children of company employees studying in local universities and colleges. The company also supported the studentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s enrollment in Jaz Bahrain wherein the youth is equipped with the personal and professional life skills. Thus with the improvement in the economic conditions on the target, the company also indulges in various social activities for the development and growth of its employees as well. Employees support. The employees support means the company employees participation in various activities initiated by the company to bring a sense of belongingness among the employees and their families. For this purpose the following steps are taken by the company in year 2010. Nearly 2,256 employees of BAPCO are given access to the training and development programs of the company. An agreement was reached between the employees and the managers of the BAPCO trade union on a performance based bonus delivering schemes. This bonus amount has been increased up to two months salary in 2010. To help the employees get ease of mind from work during the break, a park namely Princess Sabeeka Park has been developed in the BAPCO premises, where the employees of the company can come and relax. Thus the employees are also make participated in the various company extracurricular activities. Local and Overseas Communities. Local and Overseas communities sees BAPCO with respect and attempts are made by the company itself to get popular in the local and overseas communities. A major review of the corporate strategies has been developed which is entrusted with the task of reviewing the future path of development and growth of the company in the local and overseas areas. The company officially organized the Bahrain International Air show in year 2010. The company has contributed a total sum of US $ 2 million to more than 200 organizations inside and outside the country for financing the social support programs started by various government and nonprofit organizations. Safety records. A number of safety regulations has been followed by the company in the workplace. Due to this reason the company has been appreciated with the following awards. BAPCO was awarded The Emirates Energy Award in Dubai for following health and safety measures in the organization work area. Det Norske Veritas certified BAPCO as the best company for following the occupational health and safety assessment series standard or OHSAS. BAPCO passed ISO 14001 certification without any problem. Thus by getting the above mentioned certificates the company confirms to the have followed all the requirements of health and safety in the organization. Government compliances. BAPCO has been following all the resolutions passed by the government agencies in Bahrain. A number of resolutions have been passed in Bahrain to safeguard the health and safety of workers in factory. The security legislations and regulations consist of long list of set of rules and regulations that are required to be followed by the employer and the employee both. The latest resolutions passed and followed by BAPCO include the followings. Resolution number 3 of year 2005, which concerns the environmental requirements and standards in the work place. It basically consists of the lighting arrangements, safety from machines, proper risk assessment and education to the employees about safeguard measures. Municipal by law number 1 of 2005 concerned organizing of working hours at the work place in a residential area which can prove harmful to the life of the workforce and people living around. Thus by limiting the work place and hours near the risky machinery would not only make the work force cautious but ensure their safety for longer period. Occupational safety and health decree number 2 of 1994 helped in the accession of the state of Bahrain to Arab labor conventions number 7 of 1977 which ensures employee safety at the work place. Comments of Board of Directors on Sustainability report: The Board of Directors on Sustainability report confirms the followings. The growth and expansion plans working well in motion and on the right track. The company is fully indulging itself in social welfare practices by giving millions in donations. The social conditions of the company are healthy and employeeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s interest has been taken care of. The company has followed all government compliances. The economic condition of the company and the environment of the company was conducive in giving the company new opportunities around the globe. Financial outlook based on sustainability report: The financial of the sustainability report are as follows. The company is earning good profits in the present fiscal year. The company is opening new refineries by investing millions of dollars as part of its expansion plans. The employees are feeling financial secure by working with the company. The growth prospects are rising and the company is getting more business in Asia and Africa, specifically Singapore and Egypt. Conclusion: In the end, the company has been on the right track by taking care of the human resource as well as the economic environment of the company. This is helping the company to grow and prosper and formulate the development plans which will help the customer base expansion in other countries.

Fashion in the 60s Essay -- essays research papers

Fashion in the 60's The 60's were a time of change and challenge. They brought hippies, space age, folk music, and the Beatles. Women's skirts got shorter, men's hair got longer, and everyone talked about love. The 60's was characterized by the feeling that a break with the past had been achieved. Clothes, furniture, and products all looked newer, brighter, and more fun. The swinging 60's were at their height. Women's hemlines were very short. Fashion in the 60's tended to encourage exhibitionism. Miniskirts, bold colors, and see through dresses were all geared to showing off women's bodies, and on rare occasion men's bodies. Gaudy accessories such as perspex rings and earrings and fold chain belts. For women, there were long flowing skirts in intricate cotton prints. For both sexes, Indian Kafthans, headbands, "love beads", bell and bell - bottomed hipsters were the big thing. Hipsters were unisex trousers that rested on the hips rather than the waist. A wide belt with a heavy buckle was added. The light weight ski-pants of the 50's gradually gave way to flares, bell bottoms, and loon pants, bright colors, novel materials, chunky rings, and sports cars were all part of the 60's look. In the early 60's, the teenagers world was suddenly hit by the rock- n- roll of phenomenon of the Beatles. Teens idoled rock stars and let their hair grow long and wore bright, wild colored clothes. Leather offered great opportunities for self - expression. The clothes were i...

Heart of Man

THE HEART OF MAN OR THE SPIRITUAL HEART MIRROR (An Allegorical Representation in Ten Pictures) This booklet originated in France in 1732, was revised and re-written for the mission fields of Africa by Rev. J. R. Gschwend in 1929, and has subsequently been translated and printed under copyright in over 250 indigenous languages by All Nations Gospel Publishers who are distributing it today in 127 mission countries.People of all languages, classes and religions are being led by this booklet to experience the deep spiritual truth and significance of God's message to mankind as expressed by the prophet Ezekiel 586 years before Christ, â€Å"I will give you an new heart and a new mind †¦ then you will be my people, and I will be your God! † Ezekiel 36:26-28. THE HEART OF MAN THE TEMPLE OF GOD OR THE WORKSHOP OF SATAN 1 John 3:4-10 As you read this book, please bear in mind that it is like a mirror in which you will be able to see yourself.Whether you are a heathen or a Christia n, one who does not believe in Christ or a backslider, you will see yourself as God sees you. â€Å"Man looks at the outward appearance, but I look at the heart† (1 Sam. 16:7). God sees us as we really are. Satan is the father of all lies. He is the prince of darkness and god of this world, who disguises himself as an angel of light to lead men and women the wrong way. In these days, as in times past, there are many false apostles who disguise themselves, pretending to be apostles of Christ. And no wonder, for Satan himself is transformed (disguised) into an angel of light (2 Cor. 1:13, 14). Satan, the god of this world, keeps people in the dark so that they cannot see that God loves them or that Jesus died to save them (2 Cor. 4:4). All sinners and those who do not believe are spiritually dead and blind concerning God. They are ruled by the evil of this world (Eph. 2:1-2). Unless their eyes are opened in some way to their lost condition, they are heading for eternal destruct ion. The person who says, â€Å"I have never sinned† is deceiving himself. For â€Å"The Son of God appeared for this very reason, to destroy what the devil had done† (1 John 3:8). â€Å"So then, submit to God.Resist the devil, and he will run away from you. Come near to God, and He will come near to you† (James 4:7, 8). As you read this book and study its pictures, you will be able to see your own heart. Allow God's searchlight to show you the condition of your heart. Acknowledge your sins and do not deny their existence, for God's Word tells us that â€Å"If we say that we have no sin, we deceive ourselves, and there is no truth in us. But if we confess our sins to God, He will keep His promise and do what is 3  © Copyright by: ALL NATIONS GOSPEL PUBLISHERS P. O. Box 2191, PRETORIA, 0001, SOUTH AFRICA REG.No. 61/01798/08 ISBN 0-908412-16-9 right: He will forgive us our sins and purify us from all our wrongdoing† (1 John 1:1-10). â€Å"The blood of JE SUS, His Son, purifies us from every sin. † . You are ruled either by Satan or by God; you are a slave to sin or a servant of God. If sin controls your life, do not deny it, but cry out to God. He will set you free through Jesus Christ who came to this world to save sinners, to break the power of Satan and sin over us, He is our Saviour. You are in the presence of a holy God who knows all the secrets, the hidden thoughts and actions of your life.It is impossible to hide yourself and actions from God, for â€Å"God made our ears – can't He hear? He made our eyes – can't He see? † (Ps. 94:9). â€Å"The Lord keeps close watch over the whole world, to give strength to those whose hearts are loyal to Him† (2 Chron. 16:9). â€Å"He watches every step men take. There is no darkness dark enough to hide a sinner from God† (Job 34:21, 22). â€Å"But Jesus did not trust Himself to them, because He knew them all† (John 2:24). Therefore â€Å"happ y are those whose sins are forgiven, whose wrongs are pardoned. Happy is the man whom the Lord does not accuse of doing wrong and who is free from all deceit† (Matt. 1:28-30). Explanation of the Pictures THE FIRST PICTURE This picture shows the heart of a worldly, sinful man or woman, described in the Bible as a sinner, that is, one who is controlled by the evil of this world and by the natural desires and cravings of the human nature. This is a true picture of the heart as God sees it. The bleary, red eyes speak of drunkenness as described in Proverbs 23:29-33: â€Å"Show me someone who drinks too much, who has to try out some new drink, and I will show you someone miserable and sorry for himself, always causing trouble and always complaining.His eyes are bloodshot, and he has bruises that could have been avoided. Don't let wine tempt you, even though it is rich red, though it sparkles in the cup, and it goes down smoothly. The next morning you will feel as if you have been bitten by a poisonous snake. Weird sights will appear before your eyes, and you will not be able to think or speak clearly. † Below the head in this picture, the heart of man can be seen occupied by various animals which speak of the many different sins in the human heart, as the heart is the centre and breeding place of our sins.God tells us by the mouth of His prophet Jeremiah, that â€Å"Nobody can understand the human heart. There is nothing else so deceitful: it is too sick to be healed† (Jeremiah 17:9). Jesus Himself confirms this by saying, â€Å"For from the inside, from a person's heart, come the evil ideas which lead him to do immoral things; to rob, kill, commit adultery, be greedy, and do all sorts of evil things; deceit, indecency, jealousy, slander, pride, and folly – all these evil things come from inside a person and make him unclean† (Mark 7:21-23). 1.THE PEACOCK While the beauty of the peacock is admired by everybody, here in the heart of man, it speaks of the sin of pride. Lucifer, once God's special angel of light, lost his position through pride and so became God's enemy – the devil (Isaiah 14:9-17; Ezekiel 28:12-17). 4 5 Pride comes from the very centre of hell, and reveals itself in many ways. Some people pride themselves on their riches, their standard of education: fashionable clothing by which they expose their bodies in a shameless way: the wearing of jingling ornaments, bracelets, rings, etc. , as is so clearly described in Isaiah 3:16-24.Some pride themselves on their forefathers, nationality, culture, sport, etc. , forgetting that â€Å"God resists the proud, but shows favour to the humble† (1 Peter 5:5). God hates pride and self-importance (Proverbs 8:13). â€Å"Pride leads to destruction, and arrogance to downfall† (Proverbs 16:18). 2. THE GOAT represents bodily desires, immorality, adultery. The sins mentioned here have increased in these modern, but last days, to such an extent, that we have to admit the truth of the words of Jesus when He predicted, nearly 2000 years ago, that the last days will be like the days of Sodom and Gomorrah.Not only has this sinful way of living gripped men and women and come into the homes of religious people and institutions, the schools and hostels, but this wickedness shamelessly and in a subtle way enters the hearts of people by means of cinemas, theatres, obscene literature, and in so many other ways, that what God calls sin is being looked upon as modern morality. Millions of young people form their idea of an ideal life from the cinemas and novels, only to find themselves in trouble, shame and regret.Immoral an loose-living actors and actresses become the heroes and heroines of the younger generation. The dance-halls, too, are very often the breeding places of immorality. God's heroes of purity, like Joseph (Genesis 39) and others, are no longer taken as examples. Even the old Zulu heathen, who would put an adulterer or a dulteress to death, could teach our so-called civilised generation a lesson and stand up against us in condemnation at the day of judgement. God tells us not to play with immorality but to avoid it. Any other sin a man commits does not affect his body; but the man who is guilty of sexual immorality sins against his own body: Don't you know that your body is the temple of the Holy Spirit, who lives in you and who was given to you by God? You do not belong to yourselves but to God† (1 Cor. 6:18, 19); â€Å"So if anyone destroys God's temple, God will destroy him. For God's temple is holy, and you yourselves are His temple† (1 Cor. 3:17). 7 1. The sinner's heart 6 3. THE PIG speaks of the sins of drunkenness and gluttony.It is a dirty animal eagerly swallowing up everything in its way, clean or dirty, and in the same way a sinful heart devours every immoral suggestion, expression, picture, literature, etc. The body, intended to be the temple of the living God, is made uncl ean by harmful food and filthy habits such as the smoking or chewing of tobacco, the use of opium and harmful drugs and tablets, etc. The habit of smoking tobacco and even â€Å"opium† has gripped men and women as never before. Only the power of God can free such poor tobacco victims and slaves of the devil.While most religiously inclined people would not dare to smoke in a church-building, considering it almost an insult to God, they nevertheless have no hesitation about soiling through this stinking weed, that which is actually the temple of God, i. e. , their bodies. â€Å"Surely you know† says the Apostle Paul, â€Å"that you are God's temple and that God's Spirit lives in you! So if anyone destroys God's temple, God will destroy him† (1 Cor. 3:16, 17; 6:18, 19). A greedy person is hateful or worth nothing in the sight of God. We eat in order to live; we do not live in order to eat.Hunger can be satisfied by eating wholesome food, but greed will always cry à ¢â‚¬Å"Give, give! † , Greed will never be satisfied, will never be filled. According to the Old Testament law a glutton and a drunkard had to be stoned to death (Deut. 21:18-21). â€Å"Drunkards and gluttons will be reduced to poverty. If all you do is eat and sleep, you will soon be wearing rags. † (Prov. 28:7). Remember that a certain rich man, a glutton and a slave to his desires, died and found himself in hell in great pain. The evil of drink need hardly be mentioned.It is only too well known to be taken lightly. God tells us clearly in His Word that no drunkard will possess the Kingdom of God. Beer is not a food, it is a drink that confuses and affects the mind, so that those who drink it act foolishly. They become immoral and even kill and murder one another which they would not otherwise have done. â€Å"Drinking too much makes you loud and foolish. It's stupid to get drunk† (Prov. 20:1). Those who make and sell strong drink are just as guilty before God, for God says, â€Å"You are doomed! Heroes of the wine bottle!Brave and fearless when it comes to mixing drinks! † (Isaiah 5:22). â€Å"You will be condemned if you give drink to your neighbours, 8 giving it to them till they are drunk† (Hab. 2:15). â€Å"Surely you know that the wicked will not possess God's Kingdom. Do not fool yourselves; people who are immoral or who worship idols or are adulterers or homosexual perverts or who steal or are greedy or are drunkards or who slander others or are thieves – none of these will possess God's Kingdom† (1 Cor. 6:9, 10). The sins of our human nature are unmistakable.These are some of them: â€Å"immorality, filthy and indecent actions, worshipping of idols and witchcraft. People become enemies and they fight; they become jealous, angry and ambitious. They separate into parties and groups; they are envious, get drunk, have orgies, and do other things like these. Those who do these things will not possess the Ki ngdom of God† (Gal. 5:19-21). â€Å"Do not get drunk with wine, which will only ruin you; instead, be filled with the Holy Spirit† (Eph. 5:18). Jesus gives the following invitation to everyone who is thirsty concerning spiritual matters. Whoever is thirsty should come to me and drink† (John 7:37, 38). â€Å"Come everyone who is thirsty here is water! Come, you that have no money – buy corn and eat! Come! buy (spiritual) wine and milk – it will cost you nothing! † (Isa. 55:1). â€Å"Whoever drinks the water that I will give him will never be thirsty again. The water that I will give him will become in him a spring which will provide him with live-giving water and give him eternal live† (John 4:14). 4. THE TORTOISE speaks of laziness, sluggishness to obey and witchcraft. Rebellion is as bad as witchcraft (1 Sam. 15:23). A lazy man who refuses to work is only killing himself, all he does is think about what he would like to have† (Pr ov. 21:25, 26). Joshua had to say to the Israelites, â€Å"Don't stay here doing nothing; hurry! Go on in and take it over! † (Judg. 18:9). Human nature is very lazy and slow to obtain the things of God. Jesus said, â€Å"Do your best to go in through the narrow door† (Luke 13:24). â€Å"Anyone who seeks will find† (Matt. 7:8). The Kingdom of heaven has suffered violent attacks, and violent men try to seize it† (Matt. 11:12). Carelessness concerning the salvation and spiritual welfare of our souls leads to eternal death.It keeps us from praying, from searching for the deep things of God, from accepting God's rich promises; it leads to destruction. When God speaks to you, urging 9 you to give your heart to Him today, the devil tells you to do it tomorrow, or some other convenient day, which unfortunately, may never come; and you will die without salvation and without Christ. God says, â€Å"If you hear God's voice today, do not be stubborn, as your ancesto rs were when they rebelled against God† (Heb. 3:7, 8). How many people have died spiritually by putting off salvation for some more convenient day which never came? The day tomorrow is not yours.The shell of the tortoise is often used by witch-doctors for the practising of witchcraft, and points here to the sin of trusting in and practising witchcraft, fortune-telling or magic or voodoo, instead of trusting the living God. Especially in times of testing and sickness, suffering and bereavement, we are told to call upon the living God, who is ready to help, instead of trusting in good or bad luck; for â€Å"The Lord guides a man in the way he should go† (Psalm 37:23). â€Å"Is there anyone who is ill? He should send for the church elders who will pray for him and rub olive-oil on him in the name of the Lord.This prayer made in faith will heal the sick person; the Lord will restore him to health, and the sins he has committed will be forgiven. So then confess your sins to one another and pray for one another, so that you will be healed† (James 5:14-16). God commanded the Israelites saying, â€Å"Don't sacrifice your children in the fires on your altars; and don't let your people practise divination or look for omens or use spells or charms (or consult fortune tellers), and don't let them consult the spirits of the dead (such as spiritism). The Lord your God hates people who do these disgusting things† (Deut. 8:10-12). Outside the (heavenly) city are the perverts and those who practise magic, the immoral and the murderers those who worship idols and those who are liars both in words and deeds† (Rev. 22:15). â€Å"Do not go for advice to people who consult the spirits of the dead. If you do, you will be ritually unclean. I am the Lord your God† (Lev. 19:31). â€Å"But people will tell you to ask for messages from fortune-tellers and mediums, who chirp and mutter. They will say, ‘After all, people should ask for message s from the spirits and consult the dead on behalf of the living. You are to answer them, ‘Listen to what the Lord is teaching you! Don't listen to mediums – what they tell you will do you no good'† (Isa. 8:19, 20). While you are reading this little book, God is speaking to you, calling you to turn from your sins and to give your life to Him, but the spirit of the tortoise, which is in your heart, makes all kinds of suggestions to you to put off making this decision, and tries to fill 10 your heart with fear. â€Å"What will my family, my friends, and other people say, if I become a real Christian? What will happen if I cannot take part in the dances, parties and worldly amusements any longer?Instead of seeing the great riches in Christ Jesus, His wonderful peace, His joy which words cannot express, His glory, eternal life so full of happiness, you begin to see all the things which you may lose or â€Å"give up† when you allow Christ to come into your heart , while fear of man as well as fear of death keeps you a slave to the devil. But Christ came to set free those who were slaves all their lives because of their fear of death. (Hebr. 2:14, 15). The spirit of sluggishness to obey is making you so stubborn that your heart will be as hard as the shell of the tortoise. 5. THE LEOPARD is a very savage and cruel beast.Hatred, anger and a bad temper often rule the heart of man and many times lead to murder. You may try, and even manage, to control that bad temper of yours, until it breaks out in all its fierceness. It is better to admit that it is in your heart, and ask Jesus to set you free. â€Å"Don't give in to anger; it only leads to trouble† (Psalm 37:8). â€Å"Anger is cruel and destructive† (Prov. 27:4). â€Å"Keep your temper under control; it is foolish to harbour a grudge† (Eccl. 7:9), â€Å"Get rid of anger† (Col. 3:8). Many cowards drink to encourage themselves to carry out some evil deed or revenge, but it is â€Å"like wine made from the venom of snakes† (Deut. 2:33). Revenge is sweet to the sinful heart, but God is the one who punishes all wrongdoing. Jesus said, â€Å"Love your neighbour as you love yourself† (Mark 12:31) and â€Å"Love your enemies† (Matt. 5:44). God promised to forgive the wrongs we have done, if we forgive others for the wrongs that they have done to us (Matt. 6:12). A sulky, grumbling spirit is hated by God. The awful desire for bloodshed and war is in the heart of man, and therefore real peace must be established in the heart if it is to last. 6. THE SNAKE tricked Eve in the garden of Eden and broke up the sweet fellowship and friendship with God.Satan, was very jealous of Adam and Eve, when he saw them as rulers over the world, living in perfect unity with God, taking his place. Out of jealousy Satan 11 planned their destruction, and succeeded in breaking up their wonderful friendship and life with God. The same devilish jealousy and envy in the human heart destroys happiness in the hearts of some when they see others are happy and living comfortably. Jealousy brings evil thoughts into the heart to destroy the happiness of others and can even lead to murder. This is especially the case in some married lives. A husband is never angrier than when he is jealous; his revenge knows no limits† (Prov. 6:34). In business as well as in all other walks of life it causes untold suffering and hatred. Even Christian workers, preachers and ministers are not free from jealousy should God use another of His servants more than themselves. They should be constantly on guard, and filled with the pure love of God which He has poured out into our hearts by means of the Holy Spirit (Rom. 5:5), otherwise their usefulness to God and their ministry will be spoilt by a jealous nature. 7.THE FROG speaks here to the sins of greediness and the love of money which is the source of all evil (1 Tim. 6:10). Certain frogs in the Congo have been seen eating ants by the hundreds until they burst and died. A greedy person is not willing to open his hand to help the poor and needy, but tries by all means, honest and dishonest, to get more of the riches of this world. Jesus Himself said, â€Å"Do not store up riches for yourselves here on earth, where moths and rust destroy, and robbers break in and steal. Instead, store up riches for yourselves in heaven, where moths and rust cannot destroy, and robbers cannot break in and steal.For your heart will always be where your riches are† (Matt. 6:19-21). Achan and his family were stoned because he loved gold and silver and clothes (Joshua 7). Judas Iscariot, the disciple of Jesus, hanged himself because the love of money had made him betray his Lord and Master. It is not the money that is evil, neither the gold, but the love of money which lies hidden in the human heart. Thousands of men and women of all classes and races are ruining their lives and the lives of thei r family by the awful desire to obtain great and sudden riches by means of gambling and betting for large sums of money at horse and dog races, etc.The desire to become rich without much trouble leads to stealing and murder as well as suicide. Love of money and greediness have many companions, such as love of fame, of power, it may be political power to rule over 12 others, financial power to oppress the poor; religious power, being more concerned for the name of a church organisation than for God, disapproving of any child of God who has the courage to follow Christ without belonging to his particular church (Mark 9:38).Jesus said, â€Å"Watch out and guard yourselves from every kind of greed; because a person's true life is not made up of the things he owns, no matter how rich he may be† (Luke 12: 15). The story of the rich man is told like this: â€Å"There was once a rich man who had land which bore good crops. He began to think to himself, ‘I haven't anywhere to k eep all my crops. What can I do? This is what I will do,' he told himself; ‘I will tear down my barns and build bigger ones, where I will store my corn and all my other goods. Then I will say to myself, Lucky man! You have all the good things you need for many years.Take life easy, eat, drink, and enjoy yourself! ‘ But God said to him, ‘You fool! This very night you will have to give up your life; then who will get all these things you have kept for yourself? ‘ This is how it is with those who pile up riches for themselves but are not rich in God's sight† (Luke 12:16-21). â€Å"Does a person gain anything if he wins the whole world but loses his life? Of course not† (Mark 8:36). â€Å"And so I tell you not to worry about the food you need to stay alive or about the clothes you need for your body †¦ Instead, be concerned with His Kingdom, and He will provide you with these things †¦For your heart will always be where your riches areâ₠¬  (Luke 12:22-34). 8. SATAN, the father of all lies and of them that tell lies, is the one who persuades us to sin, and is the ruler of the heart. Jesus said, â€Å"You are the children of your father, the devil, and you want to follow your father's desires. From the very beginning he was a murderer and has never been on the side of truth, because there is no truth in him. When he tells a lie, he is only doing what is natural to him, because he is a liar and the father of all lies† (John 8:44). A small lie is as bad as a big one.There are lies which are spoken, written, acted. A hypocrite is a liar for in reality he pretends to be what he is not. God cannot lie – neither can a Christian (Titus 1:2). â€Å"If, then, we say that we have fellowship with Him, yet at the same time live in the darkness, we are lying both in our words and in our actions (1 John 1:6). â€Å"But outside the (heavenly) city are the perverts and those who practise magic, the immoral and the m urderers, those 13 who worship idols and those who are liars both in words and deeds† (Rev. 22:15). â€Å"God hates a witness who tells one lie after another† (Prov. :19). 9. THE STAR speaks of the conscience in the heart of every man. Here it is, dirty and evil, probably dead through continual and deliberate sinning; blinded and sinful, so that it can no longer judge its own actions. This evil conscience may sometimes be quiet, sometimes troubled. It accuses when it should excuse, and it excuses when it should accuse. It may be dead, as if burnt with a hot iron, and have lost all sense and feeling through abandoning the faith, obeying lying spirits and following the teachings of demons, and listening to teachings spread by deceitful liars (1 Tim. :1, 2; Hebr. 10:22). 10. THE EYE of God sees everything that goes on in the heart. Nothing can be hidden from His flaming eye, and therefore He knows and sees all the secret thoughts and intentions of the heart. Whether you do your evil deeds in the darkest night, in the thickest forest, in the deepest ditch or wherever it may be, God sees it. (The eyes in these pictures also agree with the expression on the man's face. ) 11. THE LITTLE TONGUES OF FIRE round about the heart show the love of God surrounding the sinful heart.While God hates sin He loves man and does not want the death of a sinner, but that he should turn away from his sins and live (2 Pet. 3:9). Jesus came to save sinners. There is great joy in heaven over one sinner that repents (Luke 15:7). The little tongues also speak of the blood of Jesus Christ, â€Å"the Lamb of God, who takes away the sin of the world† (John 1:29). 12. THE ANGEL represents the Word of God. God wants to speak to those who have been deceived and are carrying heavy loads of sin, so that they 14 may turn from their sinful ways and let the light and love of God come into their hearts. 13.THE DOVE is a sign of the Holy Spirit, the Spirit who reveals the truth abou t God, about sin and what is right, and about God's judgement (John 15:26). The Holy Spirit is shown here outside the human heart. He cannot live where sin rules. Should the picture of this heart be the same as the condition of your heart, cry to the Lord, open your heart to Him, let the light of His Word shine in. â€Å"Believe in the Lord Jesus, and you will be saved† (Acts 16:31). God is willing, yes, He has promised to change your heart, to give you a new heart and a new mind (Ezek. 11:19). This is explained in the second picture.THE SECOND PICTURE This picture shows a repenting heart that is beginning to look for God. The angel is holding the sword, the Word of God, which is â€Å"alive and active, sharper than any double-edged sword. It cuts all the way through, to where soul and spirit meet, to where joints and marrow come together. It judges the desires and thoughts of man's heart† (Hebr. 4:12). The Word of God reminds him that â€Å"sin pays its wage – death† (Rom. 6:23) and that â€Å"everyone must die once, and after that be judged by God† (Hebr. 9:27). The place for the sinner and unbeliever will be in the lake burning with fire and sulphur† (Rev. 1:8). THE HEART CONVINCED OF SIN In this other hand the angel is holding a skull. This is to remind the sinner that we will all die. Our body which we love so much, clothe, feed and beautify, give such care and attention to in order to satisfy its desires and longings, is going to die and decay, and the worms will destroy it while our soul and spirit live for ever, and will one day appear before Christ, to be judged by Him (2 Cor. 5:10). 15 Here we see the sinner beginning to take notice of the message of God and to open his heart to the love of God. The Holy Spirit begins to shine into the dark and sinful heart.The light of God comes into his heart to drive all darkness away. When God's light comes in, darkness has to go. Sin, described here by all the various ani mals, has to go. Therefore, dear reader, allow Jesus, the Light of the world, to come into your heart, and darkness and the evil actions of darkness must leave the heart, as shown in this picture. Jesus said, â€Å"I am the light of the world. Whoever follows me will have the light of life and will never walk in darkness† (John 8:12). You will never succeed in driving sin out of your heart by your own efforts, your own wisdom, or by the wisdom of people.The easiest, surest, quickest and most effective and only way, is to let Jesus, the Light, come in, and darkness, which is sin, must leave. The moon and the stars may give us some help on a dark night, but when the sun has risen, then darkness as well as the smaller lights disappear. Jesus is the Sun of righteousness. When He went into the temple at Jerusalem, He drove out all those who were buying and selling there. He overturned the tables of the money-changers and the stools of those who sold pigeons, saying, â€Å"It is w ritten in the Scriptures that God said, ‘My temple will be called a house of prayer. But you are making it a hideout for thieves! † (Matt 21:13). Your heart is intended to be God's house, God's temple. He wants to live in it, make it beautiful, fill it with light, love and joy. Jesus not only came to forgive us our sins, but He came to deliver us and set us free from the power and domination of sin. â€Å"If the Son (Jesus) sets you free, then you will be really free† (John 8:36). THE THIRD PICTURE This picture shows us the heart-condition of a really repentant sinner. He now sees the greatness and awfulness of his many sins for which Jesus died on the cross.As he sees the cross which the angel, the Word of God, shows to him, it breaks his now sorry heart, and he is moved with deep, heartfelt regret and sorrow over his many sins. As he sees the great love of God expressed in Christ Jesus, this love melts his heart, especially as he begins to realise that Jesus Chr ist, the Son of God, came to take away his many sins, as He was willing to die in his place on the cross. The fact that Jesus was whipped, crowned with thorns, had nails driven through His hands and feet and died on a cross for our sins, 17 2. The heart convinced of sin 16 s brought home clearly and deeply to the repenting sinner, completely changing his heart and life. As he reads God's Word in which he can see himself as in a mirror, he realises more and more how far he has turned away from God and disobeyed His commands. He is overcome with feelings of great sadness and sorrow, and as he pours out his heart before God with tears and bitter crying, Jesus draws near to him. The love and peace of God enter his heart as he begins to realise that â€Å"the blood of Jesus, His Son, purifies us from every sin† (1 John 1:7). â€Å"Create a pure heart in me, o God, and put a new and loyal spirit in me† (Psalm 51:10).Again God's Word says, â€Å"I am pleased with those who a re humble and repentant, who fear me and obey me† (Isa. 66:2). The Holy Spirit makes the words of Jesus clear to him, â€Å"Courage, my son (daughter)! Your sins are forgiven† (Matt. 9:2). While he still looks to the cross and to the blood of Jesus which was poured out on the cross, believing that it was all done for him, he begins to realise that the load of sin has been taken away, for Jesus has endured the suffering that should have been ours; that â€Å"because of our sins He was wounded, beaten because of the evil we did,† that â€Å"the Lord made the punishment fall on Him† (Isaiah 53).The Holy Spirit and the love of God take control of the purified heart. As he believes in Jesus, he realises that his sins have been forgiven, and so he finds the assurance in his heart that the blood of Jesus, the Son of God, has purified him from all sin (1 John 1:7). He is now sure that everyone who believes in Jesus will not die (spiritually), but will have eternal life (John 3:16). â€Å"For by the sacrificial death of Christ we are set free, that is, our sins are forgiven† (Eph. 1:7). The sinful desires of the human nature have now given place to a deep desire to live for God and to serve Him â€Å"who first loved us† (1 John 4:19).Instead of loving the world and the things of the world, he loves God and the things of God. In this picture therefore, we find that the animals which represent sin, are now outside his heart, although Satan does not want to leave his former home, looking back and hoping to find an entrance once more. That is why the Lord Jesus warns us to keep watch and pray; to resist the devil so that he will run away from us (James 4:7). THE FOURTH PICTURE 3. The repenting heart 18 This picture speaks of a Christian who has found perfect peace and eternal salvation through the death of our Lord and Saviour, 19 4. Dying with Christ 20Jesus Christ, and so boasts in nothing else except â€Å"only about the cross o f our Lord Jesus Christ; for by means of His cross the world is dead to us, and we are dead to the world† (Gal. 6:14). Jesus died on the cross so that we too, might â€Å"die to sin and live for righteousness† (1 Peter 2:24); a Christian dead to the world. We are commanded to â€Å"let the Spirit direct our lives, and we will not satisfy the desires of the human nature† (Gal. 5:16, 25). The pillar to which the Lord Jesus was bound after they had taken off His clothes, is shown in this picture of the heart, as well as the whips with which they cruelly whipped Him.He was punished for our sins because â€Å"we are healed by the punishment He suffered† (Isa. 53:5). Herod and his soldiers mocked Him, and after having whipped Him, they pressed a crown of thorny branches on His head – instead of crowning Him with a crown of gold, and put a stick in His right hand – instead of the sceptre of a king, and they bowed before Him and mocked Him, saying. à ¢â‚¬Å"Long live the King of the Jews! † They spat on Him and took the stick from Him, and hit Him on the head. After they had so shamefully and cruelly mocked Him, they led Him away to be crucified (Matt. 27:27-31).There are many so-called Christians who pray, share in the sacrament of holy communion, sing the songs of God and yet, by their sinful actions, are constantly crucifying the Son of God again (Heb. 6:6). â€Å"Not everyone who calls me ‘Lord, Lord' will enter the Kingdom of heaven, but only those who do what my Father in heaven wants them to do† (Matt. 7:21-27). In this picture we also find the bag of money belonging to Judas, who betrayed the Lord Jesus and sold Him for thirty silver coins, because the love of money had taken hold of his heart and that was all he could think of.The lantern, chains, etc. , were used by the soldiers who took Jesus prisoner by night. The dice, so often used for gambling, were used by the soldiers when they gambled for His clothes. â€Å"They gamble for my clothes and divide them among themselves† (Psalm 22:18). They took everything from Jesus, but Himself they rejected, saying â€Å"We don't want this man to be our king†. People in general want to receive all the blessings from God, all the rain and all the sunshine, but they do not want to commit themselves to serving God as their Lord and Master.To many, God is only good enough to help in times of trouble and despair. With the spear, the soldiers pierced His side and heart â€Å"and at once blood and water poured out† (John 19:33-37). Before the cock crowed, Peter said three times that he did not know Jesus, but 21 later he repented weeping bitterly (Matt. 26:69-75). Do you declare openly that you have given your heart to Jesus Christ, by what you say and do? Or are you ashamed to let others know? Jesus said, â€Å"If anyone declares publicly that he belongs to me, I will do the same for him before my Father in heaven.But if a nyone rejects me publicly, I will reject him before my Father in heaven† (Matt. 10:32,33). Jesus also said, â€Å"Whoever does not take up his cross and follow in my steps is not fit to be my disciple† (Matt. 10:38). Happy are those who find protection in the Rock, Jesus Christ! â€Å"Rock of ages, cleft for me, Let me hide myself in Thee; Let the water and the blood From Thy riven side which flowed, Be of sin the double cure; Cleanse me from its guilt and power. † THE FIFTH PICTURE This picture shows the clean and purified heart of the sinner saved by God's abundant grace and mercy.It has become a true temple of God, the home of God, the Father, the Son and Holy Spirit, according to the promise of the Lord Jesus Christ, â€Å"Whoever loves me will obey my teaching. My Father will love him, and my Father and I will come to him and live with him† (John 14:23). God honours, blesses and uplifts man through Jesus Christ (Luke 1:52). The heart has now become a true temple of God. Sin has been driven out. Instead of the various animals controlled by Satan, the father of lies, we see the Holy Spirit, the Spirit of Truth, living in the heart.Instead of being the breeding place of sin, the heart has become a beautiful, fruit-bearing tree or garden, bearing the fruits of the Spirit, such as love, joy, peace, humility, patience, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, self control and others which are acceptable and pleasing to God and man (Gal. 5:22-23). He has now become a fruit-bearing branch of the real vine – our Lord Jesus Christ. The secret of this fruit-bearing is that he remains united with Christ, and Christ and His words remain in him (John 15:1-10). As he has been filled and baptised with the Holy Spirit, he has power to 22 . The temple of God 23 defeat the human nature and its desires, and to put it to death (Gal. 5:24). The Holy Spirit directs his life, and he does not satisfy the desires of the human nature (Gal. 5:16). He no lo nger lives by what he sees, hears and feels, but by faith – for â€Å"we win the victory over the world by means of our faith† (1 John 5:4). He lives with assurance and hope and is strengthened by the expectation of the near return of our Lord Jesus Christ. He lives experiencing the love of God, which remains for ever. Happy are the pure in heart; they will see God! † (Matt. 5:8). King David, in spite of all his riches and his victories over his enemies, knew that the greatest battle was taking place in his own heart and recognizing his deep spiritual need, prayed, â€Å"Create a pure heart in me, O God, and put a new and loyal spirit in me† (Psalm 51:10). Nobody is able to purify his own heart, or to create a clean heart, unless through truly repenting he comes to God as David did, asking God to create a pure heart in him. God wants to do a new thing in your life.Mending the torn, tattered clothes of your own goodness with false promises and securities wi ll not make your heart a worthy dwelling-place for God. He is only too willing to help you, because He has promised, â€Å"I will sprinkle clean water on you and make you clean from all your idols and everything else that has defiled you. I will give you a new heart and a new mind. I will take away your stubborn heart of stone, and give you an obedient heart. I will put my spirit in you and I will see to it that you follow my laws and keep all the commands I have given you† (Ezek. 36:25-27).This is the message of the New Testament which God has given to us through His Son, Jesus Christ. In this picture we also notice the angel re-appearing. Angels are appointed to â€Å"guard those who honour the Lord and rescue them from danger† (Psalm 34:7; 91:11; Dan. 6:22; Matt. 2:13; 13:39; 18:10; Acts 5:19; 12:7-10). The devil is also seen in this picture, standing close to the heart, as if watching for an opportunity to re-enter his former home. For this reason we are warned to â€Å"be alert, be on the watch! Your enemy, the Devil, roams round like a roaring lion, looking for someone to devour† (1 Peter 5:8).Very often he is disguised as an angel of light, tempting careless children of God with the desires of this world, trying, by his cunning, to deceive even God's chosen people. If, however, we resist the devil, he will run away from us (James 4:7). THE SIXTH PICTURE This is the sad picture of a backslider. One eye is beginning to close, showing that he is beginning to grow cold and sleepy in his Christian life, while the other eye is shamelessly looking around, making love with the world. The light inside has grown dim, and the pictures in his heart, showing his readiness to suffer with Christ have fallen and are no longer upright.He is surrounded by temptations to which he is slowly giving in instead of resisting them. Instead of listening to God's voice he now begins to listen to the devil’s cunning suggestions and false promises. Altho ugh he may still be a church-goer, hiding his desires for the things of the world under a form of religion, the love for God has grown cold in his heart. He has become undecided, standing still between two ways. He begins to play with the things of the world, and only pretends to love God. The star in his heart, the conscience, grows dim.The cross is no longer carried with a smile, but becomes an unwelcome, heavy load. His faith begins to shake, he stops communicating with God in prayer, becomes unconcerned and careless about his heart's condition and slowly makes room for the devil who is waiting outside his heart. He enjoys the company of sinful people more than the company of true children of God. The peacock, representing pride, begins to look for a way in again. He may have forgotten that he was saved by grace alone, and becomes a proud Christian. The desire for drinking alcohol knocks at the door and wants to come in.It may be on a special occasion, in the company of sinful fr iends, where he is ashamed to be thought different, a weakling, or unsociable, that the devil tells him that this one occasion will not hurt his spiritual life. Unspiritual thoughts and desires make themselves felt. Perhaps he begins to enjoy dirty jokes, to look again and again with pleasure at indecent pictures, and enjoy the wrong company, going to dance-halls, evil worldly entertainments, taking to heart sinful suggestions from the devil who tells him that this is human nature and that one sin is not really wrong.Truly, we cannot help it if the wild birds of evil and bad thoughts fly over our heads, but we are guilty if we allow them to control us and make their nests in our hearts, breeding out their evil deeds. If we give the devil our little finger, he is sure to grab the whole hand, dragging soul and spirit into everlasting hell. Therefore God's earnest warning to us, is to avoid the passions of youth and not to 25 24 play with sin, no matter in what way it may come. Run to Jesus, the protector and defender.The man seen in this picture stabbing the heart with a dagger, speaks of those who mock and resist Christianity. With their false tongues and mocking lips they stab and wound the hearts of Christians – attacks which a divided heart cannot survive. He begins to fear men more than God and because of fear of what man will say and do, he becomes the slave of men, and drifts away from God. Anger and bad temper show themselves in times of trouble and disappointments, and force their way in.That evil snake of jealousy, which appears when others are more successful and prosperous, will creep in without warning, and if given half a chance, will open the door to hatred and pride. It is so easy for the love of money to creep into our hearts unless we obey the warnings of our Lord Jesus when He says, â€Å"Keep watch and pray that you will not fall into temptation† (Matt. 26:41). â€Å"Whoever thinks he is standing firm had better be careful that he does not fall† (1 Cor. 10:12). We must put on all the armour that God gives us, so that we will be able to stand up against the devil's evil tricks (Eph. :11-18). THE SEVENTH PICTURE This picture reveals the condition of the backslidden heart of man, who after he was once in God's light and had tasted heaven's gift and received his share of the Holy Spirit, has abandoned his faith (Heb. 6:4). It also shows the condition of a person who has never repented or given his life over to God, in spite of the fact that the truth of the Gospel, called the â€Å"Good News†, has been offered and revealed to him. A man who is stubborn when God speaks to him, will grow worse and worse in spite of his useless efforts to change himself.Jesus Himself described the backsliders' condition when He said, â€Å"When an evil spirit goes out of a person, it travels over dry country looking for a place to rest. If it can't find one, it says to itself, ‘I will go back to my house. â⠂¬Ëœ So it goes back and finds the house clean and tidy. Then it goes out and brings seven other spirits even worse than itself, and they come and live there. So when it is all over, that person is in a worse state than he was at the beginning† (Luke 11:24-26). â€Å"What happened to them shows that the proverbs 27 6. The tempted and divided heart 26 7. The backslidden or stubborn heart 28 re true; ‘A dog goes back to what it has vomited' and ‘A pig that has been washed goes back to roll in the mud'† (2 Peter 2:22). These Scriptures clearly explain the condition of a backslider's or the unrepentant sinner's heart. Sin in all its deceitfulness has come again to stay and control the heart. Even his face reveals, in a certain way, the condition of his heart. The Holy Spirit, that gentle dove, is forced to leave the heart, as sin and the Holy Spirit cannot live together. It is impossible for the heart to be a temple of God and at the same time a hideout for Sata n.The angel, the Word of God, has to leave sorrowfully, still looking back, hoping that he or she may still repent like the lost son, who â€Å"wished he could fill himself with the bean pods the pigs ate, but no one gave him anything to eat. At last he came to his senses and said, ‘I will get up and go to my father and say, Father, I have sinned against God and against you. 1 am no longer fit to be called your son'† (Luke 15:16-20). The father, on seeing his sorrowful son, forgave him and received him joyfully. The heart in this picture shows no sign of true repentance, no turning to God, no searching for forgiveness at the feet of Jesus.His conscience is as though burnt with a hot iron and put to silence. He has ears but cannot hear the pleading voice of Jesus. He has eyes but cannot see the bottomless hole of hell open wide at his feet. He no longer feels ashamed of continuing in his sins. Satan has come to rule in his heart and is seated as a king on his throne. It is possible that he may still boast of being outwardly decent and respectable, of having a religious appearance, like a whitewashed tomb â€Å"which looks fine on the outside but is full of bones and decaying corpses on the inside† (Matt. 23:27). The father of lies occupies the place of the Spirit of Truth.Every animal, every sin goes hand in hand with a special demon and evil spirit and occupies his heart. Although he would like to set himself free from these evil tormentors, they keep him bound. â€Å"Anyone who disobeys the Law of Moses is put to death without any mercy when judged guilty on the evidence of two or more witnesses. What, then, of the person who despises the Son of God? who treats as a cheap thing the blood of God's covenant which purified him from sin? who insults the Spirit of grace? Just think how much worse is the punishment he will deserve! † (Hebr. 10:28,29; 2 Peter 2:1-14).Should this picture agree with the condition of your heart, dear friend, cry to God without delay, from the depth of your heart. â€Å"He is able, now and always, to save those who come to God through Him† (Heb. 7:25), and is also able and willing to forgive all sins, if 29 you come in true repentance. He can restrain the devil and all his demons, and drive them out of your heart, if you are only willing to let Him do so. Come like the leper who came to Jesus and said, â€Å"‘If you want to, you can make me clean. ‘ Jesus was filled with pity, and stretched out His hand and touched him. ‘I do want to,' He answered. ‘Be clean! † (Mark 1:40, 41). But if you continue to be stubborn, and love darkness rather than light, there is no hope, no help, because you are choosing death instead of life – â€Å"sin pays its wage-death† (Rom. 6:23). THE EIGHTH PICTURE Here we find the stubborn sinner who has postponed making a decision to follow Christ, approaching death, his body may be full of pain and his soul fille d with the fear of death. Death (the skeleton) has come at an unexpected and unwanted time. The false pleasures of sin have disappeared, and the awful reality of the high and dreadful cost of sin now has to be faced. The agonies of hell are becoming real to him.Although he now longs to pray, he finds he cannot communicate with God whose love he has rejected for so long. His friends are afraid to stand at his bedside, and their empty words of comfort cannot help him now. His riches can neither lengthen his life, nor save his soul, nor reduce the agony of his soul. He finds it impossible to concentrate on God because the devil does not give him an opportunity to do so. Everything he once loved and lived for, seems to mock him and even his unreliable, probably unsaved minister, priest or church leader cannot help him now, as he has rejected the love of God and has come under His judgement.He begins to realise that â€Å"it is a terrifying thing to fall into the hands of the living God ! † (Heb. 10:31). He had hoped to give his life to God when it suited him, or on his deathbed, but now he finds it is too late. Thousands of people die suddenly, without having a chance to turn to God on their deathbeds. It is therefore essential to turn to God while He is near. Instead of hearing the comforting and saving words of God, this dying sinner who rejected the forgiveness and love of God during his lifetime now has to hear the voice of his Judge, the Saviour whom he rejected, saying â€Å"Away from me, you that are under God's curse!Away to the eternal fire which has been prepared for the devil and his angels! † (Matt. 25:41). â€Å"Everyone must die once, and after that be judged by God† (Heb. 9:27). 30 8. The sinner's judgement 31 THE NINTH PICTURE This picture represents a Christian who remains faithful and wins the victory over painful tests and temptations. While he is tempted on all sides, he remains firm and holds out to the end, being victoriou s through Jesus Christ. He has not only entered the Christian race, but he is continuing in it, running with determination, â€Å"keeping his eyes fixed on Jesus, on whom our faith depends from beginning to end† (Heb. 2:1,2). Satan with all his demons surrounds the believing heart, trying without success to lead the child of God the wrong way. Pride, the love of money, immorality, and others, are also represented. In the place of the leopard we now see a donkey, for often sin comes to us in another way, and hides itself in a different form or name. But the watchful Christian knows it is sin even when it comes in the form of religion, or as an angel of light, for the Word of God and the Holy Spirit lead him to the truth.A man, holding a glass of wine in the one hand, dances around the Christian and tries to tempt him with the false pleasures of the world. It has, however, no effect on the dedicated Christian, as he has been put to death with Christ as far as sin and worldly de sires are concerned. The second man in the picture, is stabbing the Christian with a dagger. Insults, gossiping, mocking and threats through unbelievers – and very often through so-called believers – are constantly stabbing the heart of the true believer. But he does not listen to what people say and cares only about what God says.He remembers the words of Jesus. â€Å"Happy are you when people insult you and persecute you and tell all kinds of evil lies against you because you are my followers. Be happy and glad, for a great reward is kept for you in heaven† (Matt. 5:11, 12). Our sinful nature and the devil, are constantly trying their best to separate the Christian from the love of God. But with great joy and confidence he can truly say, â€Å"Who, then, can separate us from the love of Christ? Can trouble do it, or hardship or persecution or hunger or poverty or danger or death? (Rom. 8:35). No, in all these things we have complete victory through Him who lo ved us! † (Rom. 8:37). Having put on all the armour of God, he is able to resist the devil's attacks, when the evil day comes, and after fighting to the end, still to hold his ground through Jesus Christ, who won the victory over all kinds of trials and temptations, that through Him we should win the victory and receive a glorious crown which will never lose its brightness (Eph. 6:10-18, 1 Pet. 5:4). 32 9. The victorious heart 33 THE STAR of his conscience is clear and bright. His heart is full of faith and filled with the Holy Spirit.The angel, as the Word of God, reminds him of the rich blessings given to them that win the victory and hold out to the end. â€Å"To those who win the victory I will give the right to eat the fruit of the tree of life that grows in the Garden of God. † â€Å"Those who win the victory will not be hurt by the second death. † â€Å"To those who win the victory I will give some of the hidden manna. I will also give each of them a whit e stone on which is written a new name. † â€Å"To those who win the victory, who continue to the end to do what I want, I will give the same authority that I received from my Father. â€Å"Those who win the victory will be clothed like this in white, and I will not remove their names from the book of the living. In the presence of my Father and of His angels I will declare openly that they belong to me. † â€Å"I will make him who is victorious a pillar in the temple of my God, and he will never leave it. † â€Å"To those who win the victory I will give the right to sit beside me on my throne, just as I have been victorious and now sit by my Father on His throne† (Rev. 2:7, 11, 17, 26; 3:5, 12, 21). THE OPEN BAG OF MONEY shows that not only his heart, but also his money is dedicated to God.Instead of wasting his money, he is helping the poor, giving his tithes (the tenth part of his income) and offerings or even all he possesses, to God, using everything for the glory of God. THE LOAF OF BREAD AND THE FISH indicate that he lives a clean and self-controlled life. He does not spoil his life with strong drink or by eating unclean food (Acts 15:20). He does not waste his money, neither does he destroy his body (which is the temple of God), by chewing or smoking tobacco in any form, neither does he use drugs or harmful medicines, but eats wholesome, clean, nourishing food.His own heart has become a house of prayer. He also attends church services regularly and respectfully, in all kinds of weather and under all circumstances. He loves prayer, whether it be in the church or with his family, or in his own room, for he knows that a Christian cannot grow without communicating with God in prayer. THE OPEN BOOK indicates that the Bible is an open book to him, and he reads and studies it daily, finding wisdom and strength, life and light, and countless riches in it. It has become a lamp to guide him and a sword with which he defeats the devil. It is the daily spiritual food for his soul, water to put an end to his thirst, a bath in which to clean himself, and a mirror in which he sees himself. 34 He loves to carry his cross, for he knows that there will be no reward without the cross. As he knows that he has risen with Christ so that he might live a new life, he sets his heart on the things that are in heaven, keeping his mind fixed on things there, not on things here on earth (Col. 3:1-2). He is ready to meet God and is like a tree that grows beside a stream; that bears fruit at the right time (Ps. :3); like a branch of the real vine, bearing much fruit. He does not know the fear of death, for the perfect love of God, which he has received through the Holy Spirit, has filled his heart. THE TENTH PICTURE Jesus said, â€Å"I am the resurrection and the life. Whoever believes in me will live, even though he dies; and whoever lives and believes in me will never die† (John 11:25, 26). â€Å"Whoever hears my words and believes in Him who sent me has eternal life. He will not be judged, but has already passed from death to life† (John 5:24). Death holds neither fear nor punishment for the Christian. Death is destroyed; victory is complete! Where death is your victory? Where death is your power to hurt? †¦ Thanks be to God who gives us the victory through our Lord Jesus Christ! † (1 Cor. 15:54-57). A person who has lived and walked with God is not afraid of death. When the time comes for him to die, he will go gladly, as the Apostle Paul puts it, I want very much to leave this life and to be with Christ, which is a far better thing† (Phil. 1:23). A Christian longs to see the face of Jesus who died for him and paid the price for his sins on the cross.The Holy Spirit also reminds him of the words of Jesus, â€Å"Do not be worried and upset. Believe in God and believe also in me. There are many rooms in my Father's house †¦ I will come back and take you to myself, so that you will be where I am† (John 14:1-4). â€Å"What no one ever saw or heard, what no one ever thought could happen, is the very thing God prepared for those who love Him (1 Cor. 2:9). There is no language on earth by which one can explain or describe the splendour of the heavenly city prepared for them that walk in the footsteps of our Lord Jesus Christ here on earth.Instead of the fearful skeleton (death), the angel or messenger of God is seen in this last picture. He is waiting to carry the clean spirit back to God. Soul and spirit are set free from the imprisonment of the mortal body, and ascend through the open gates of heaven to 35 Jesus who loves him and who died for him on the cross. A happy welcome waits for him in the presence of God where he is greeted by his Lord and Master with these words of praise, â€Å"Well done, you good and faithful servant! †¦ Come on in and share my happiness! † (Matt. 25:21).Satan has no control over him any more, for â€Å"Th e poor man died and was carried by the angels to sit beside Abraham at the feast in heaven† (Luke 16:22). â€Å"Then I heard a voice from heaven saying, ‘Write this: Happy are those who from now on die in the service of the Lord! ‘ ‘Yes indeed! ‘ answers the Spirit. They will enjoy rest from their hard work, because the results of their service go with them† (Rev. 14:13). LAST ADMONITION Dear reader, may God help you to give your heart to Him who loves you, for He is speaking to you now saying, â€Å"turn back to Me with all your heart† (Deut. 30:2).Give Jesus your tired, disappointed, aching heart, and He will give you a new heart and a new mind. Do not be deceived by your deceitful heart or follow its desires, for â€Å"from a person's heart, come the evil ideas which lead him to do immoral things †¦ † (Mark 7:21). Leave your sins and hold onto what is right, â€Å"for sin pays its wage – death; but God's free gift is eternal life in union with Christ Jesus our Lord† (Rom. 6:23). And you who have given your life to God, â€Å"hold firmly to the true words that I taught you, as the example for you to follow, and remain in the faith and love that are ours in union