Are You Ready to Take the GRE [How to Evaluate Your Readiness]

The whole point of GRE prep is, of course, to be ready for GRE test day. But how do you know when you’re ready? How do you know when you’ve had enough prep? Many people who take the GRE before they’re truly ready have the wrong answer to â€Å"Have I done enough prep?† But have no fear. I’m here to walk you through GRE readiness, and how to measure it. GRE Readiness In Terms of Your Target Score Some graduate programs set an exact minimum score you need to meet in order to be eligible for admission. This can seem pretty simple. Once you’re consistently getting to that target score in practice, you’re ready for test day, right? Well.†¦ maybe. With grad school, figuring out which score will really get you accepted is not quite that simple. Graduate programs are much more competitive than undergrad degrees. Getting the minimum required GRE score prevents you from being disqualified outright. However, in the most competitive graduate schools, the average GRE score of the applicants is what really matters. If you’re in the bottom half of GRE scores in a given application period, you’re much more likely to be turned away, even if you meet or exceed the minimum score requirements. And of course, averages keep changing from year to year. So even when a school does publish the average GRE scores of accepted applicants, you have to set your own target score carefully. GRE Target Scores in Terms of GRE Percentiles Fortunately, there are ways to find the score that will probably get you accepted into the schools you apply to. Before you think of your ideal score as a specific number, think of the score in terms of GRE percentiles. GRE percentiles are numbers that indicate what percent of students got a lower score than a given score. For example, if a score is in the 95th percentile, that means that 95% of all GRE test-takers got a score lower than that score. Percentiles for all of the people who take the GRE don’t fluctuate nearly as much as term-to-term average GRE scores at individual schools. So these percentiles are a much more reliable measure of what GRE score makes you truly ready to take the test and get accepted into your dream school. As a general rule of thumb, you can match GRE percentiles to school rankings. Review the education rankings from US News and World Report. If a program is in the top 10% of all programs of its kind (top 10% of all ranked MFAs in Creative Writing, top 10% of all MS Engineering programs, etc†¦), then aim for the 90th percentile or higher in terms of GRE score. (Somewhat below the 90th percentile might also be acceptable if the rest of your application is very strong.) So look at the US News and World Report graduate school rankings and compare them to ETS’s most recent data on GRE score percentiles. Then start doing the most authentic practice tests you can. To ensure that your tests resemble the real exam, use official GRE prep materials from ETS. Also try to take the exam under conditions that are similar to those in the testing center—keep your practice tests within test center limits for time, breaks, note-taking, etc. Reach your target percentile consistently on realistic practice exams, and you’ll know that you’re ready for test day. hbspt.cta.load(58291, '02d66581-2fb6-4177-ba0c-8380c7d85463', {}); David is a test prep expert at Magoosh. He has a Bachelor of Social Work from the University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire and a Masters in Teaching English to Speakers of other Languages from the University of Wisconsin-River Falls. He has been teaching K-12, University, and adult education classes since 2007 and has worked with students from every continent. Related Resources: †¢Ã‚  Planning on Taking the GRE? How Much it Can Run You? †¢Ã‚  Where to Find Good GRE Practice Questions †¢Ã‚  5 Tips for Improving Your AWA Essay on the GRE

WGU-community health task 4 - 1400 Words

Community Health of Chesterfield County-Virginia Western Governors University Population/Economic Assessment Chesterfield County, Virginia has a population of about 328,000 as of January 1, 2014 with 752 people per square mile. There was a 3.6% increase in the population from April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2013. 65.4% of the population is white non-Hispanic, 21.6% are black non-Hispanic, 7.2% are Hispanic, 3.2% are Asian and 2.1% are two or more races. In 2012 there were 3657 births and 1654 deaths in Chesterfield County. They are rated as being safer than 50% of the cities in the US with 41 violent and 1049 crimes against property (Crime rates for Chesterfield, VA, n.d.). The average household income for all races in†¦show more content†¦Due to the large bodies of water in the county, there is a high risk for drowning. Water quality pollutants in the county come from fertilizers, bacteria from animal feces, sediment from land that are being cleared and stream channel erosion. When the rain falls into farms, parking lots, construction sites, and lawns the water collects pollutants and they get carried to the stream and then eventually end up in the Chesapeake Bay. In 2010 10 out of 15 streams sampled were rated far to poor, E-Coli, dissolved oxygen, fecal coliform, Chlorophyll-A and Polychlorinated Biphenyls were noted in the samples (2013 Natural Resource Indicator Report, 2014). C R Battery Company Inc. and the Defense General Supply Center DLA were found on the national priority list for the most hazardous waste sites identified by the Environment Protection Agency because it is a risk to human and/or the environment (Virginia Superfun d Sites, 2013). A safety hazard for the built community was also assessed in Chesterfield County. Local building codes do effectively address safety issues. There are statewide building safety codes that are enforced by the county for residential construction. Lead exposure could be a hazard in the community due pipes in older homes. Residences are advised to run water for 30 seconds to 2 minutes to cut down on leadShow MoreRelatedHgt1 Community Health Nursing Practicum Wgu Western Governors University816 Words   |  4 PagesHGT1 Community Health Nursing Practicum WGU Western Governors University http://www.homeworkminutes.com/question/view/52795/HGT1-Community-Health-Nursing-Practicum-WGU-Western-Governors-University DESCRIPTION Introduction: The following are directions to write the narrative description of your field project. It should be written in APA (6th edition) format, appropriately noting in-text citations, references, etc. You may attach as appendices any charts, tables, or other materialsRead MoreCommunity Health Essay4549 Words   |  19 PagesCommunity Health C229 1 ! ! ! ! ! ! CKA Task 1 Sharon Wiggins Western Governors University ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Community Health C229 ! ! Date Spent ! ! 6/19/15 ! 6/19/15 ! 6/19/15 ! 6/29-7/2 ! 7/11/15 1200-1700 ! 8/30/15 1100-1600 ! 9/4/15 1100-1200 ! ! 9/9-10/15 0800-1700 0800-1200 ! ! Fieldwork Study Activity Location and Contact Time Windshield Survey Dakota County, Minnesota 10 CulturalRead MoreEssay on ORGANIZATION AND LEADER ANALYSIS4707 Words   |  19 Pagesï » ¿ Organization and Leader Analysis Task One Velesia A. Peart Western Governors University March 5, 2015 Table of Content Abstract †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.3 Organization overview†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...4-5 The Objectives†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..5-6 Leadership Practice†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦....6-8 Leadership effect on culture†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..8-9 SWOT analysis †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..9-13 Leadership Evaluation †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...14-17 Best Practices†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Read MoreCommunity Health And Population Focused Nursing Practicum Jean Sherrill Wgu Essay6366 Words   |  26 Pages2%, Asians was 0.2%, Hawaiian Pacific natives was 0.1% and Hispanic/Latino was 2.1% Top of Form Community Health and Population-Focused Nursing Practicum Jean Sherrill WGU Description of Community Cape Girardeau County is in the southeastern part of Missouri. The county has 3 cities, 7 villages, and 9 unincorporated areas. The county has 578.54 square miles (Cape Girardeau County Public Health Center, 2015). The county? S population is 78,043 and the average household income is $39,560.00. The

How a Penny Can Make Wine Smell and Taste Better

Before you throw out that bottle of funky-smelling wine, try a simple chemistry life hack to fix it. Its super easy and all you need is a penny! How to Fix Smelly Wine With a Penny First, find a penny. Clean it up by rinsing it off and polishing off any grime.Pour yourself a glass of wine.Drop in the clean penny and swirl it around in the glass.Remove the penny. You dont want to accidentally swallow it!Now, inhale the improved aroma and drink the wine.Drink more wine. Youre so clever, youve earned it. How the Penny Trick Works Wine can smell stinky because it contains sulfur compounds called thiols. A burnt rubber odor comes from a thiol called ethyl mercaptan. Eau de rotten eggs comes from hydrogen sulfide. If your wine smells like someone put out a match in it, thats from a thiol named methyl mercaptan. The thiols are in the wine as a natural consequence of  grape fermentation. During fermentation, the sugars from the fruit juice undergo reduction, which involves the loss of oxygen. In stale, old wine or some cheap wine, the process kicks into overdrive, resulting in so much thiol the wine becomes unpalatable. Heres where the penny comes to the rescue. While pennies are mostly zinc, the outer shell contains copper. The copper reacts with thiols to produce copper sulfide, which is odorless. Since the senses of smell and taste are connected, removing the stench dramatically improves both the aroma and perceived flavor of the wine. Save Your Wine With Silver Looking for a classier way to fix your wine? You can get the same deodorizing effect by stirring your wine with a silver spoon. If you dont have a silver spoon, try a sterling silver ring. Just remember to remove it before imbibing.

Definition And Methods Of Negotiation - 1682 Words

At the onset of this semester s course I would not have considered what I did day in and day out to be negotiation. I would have called it working together, or something similar, and had no reason to interpret it beyond conversation. Now that I am beginning to define and understand negotiation I am able to apply the definition and methodologies to my daily interactions. I have always been comfortable understanding what I want, and having an idea of how to get there, but I now find myself trying to understand the other side of the coin. How can I get from point A to point B, and what conversations and trade offs will I be making? What strategies are they using against me, and what weaknesses do I have in my negotiation tactics? This†¦show more content†¦The Big 5 shows that I am relatively open to new experiences, and also that I enjoy the company of others. The Big 5 also shows that I am agreeable, and that I am a low scorer in Neuroticism, and that I am able to remain calm in tense situations (Potter, n.d.). I believe with the tendencies reflected in my personality test, the case could be made that I am willing to create social experiences that can be tense while maintaining the ability to be agreeable. Within my current career, I am involved in a somewhat constant state of negotiation. I am the lead for the Information Technology Project Operations group at a Small / Medium sized business. This means that it is my responsibility to ensure that projects have the equipment and tools they need to be successful. To some this would appear that I work on the bottom rung: at the behest of everyone within the company to ensure that their needs are met. The way I view it, everyone works for me as I provide spinning wheels the engineers use to turn a profit. An operational support team has an interesting place within an organization. As a crucial part and extremely involved portion of the organization, we work within the shadows, and tend to only be noticed when someone needs our attention. This leads the team to hold extremely little managerial authority within the hierarchy of the

Lorraine Hansberrys A Raisin In The Sun - Society and...

Society and Family in A Raisin in the Sun We can learn a great deal by observing a given moment in history. The politics, fashion, and religion of a given society reveal the inner workings of the individuals that combine to make the society functional. While every society is different and unique, there are universal themes that apply to every society; the need to eat and sleep as well as the concept of family exist in all societies. In Lorraine Hansberrys A Raisin in the Sun, we are witness to the common drama that occurs within a family set in a specific historical period. Much of the political action that occurred during the time described within this play is specific to the era which it portrays. In†¦show more content†¦Dorothy Dandridge, who only three years later became the black Goddess of Hollywood through her role in Carmen Jones, was still struggling to overcome racial stereotypes (A E ). The Korean war was in its second year, 70% of all American troops were in active duty, (Archer) and the armed forces still had segregated troops (Carlisle). In all, it was a turbulent time, and it put in motion ideas and beliefs that sparked the civil rights movement of the sixties. In the first act of the play, the characters display a wide variety of emotional tensions. We can see from the dialogue between Ruth and her husband Walter that their relationship has undergone a period of stressful transformation. Even in the opening narration, the author describes Ruths face as showing ...disappointment...that life has been little that she expected...(Hansberry 1382). The entire family lives together in a two bedroom apartment, the furniture described as well worn, and the common living area, which houses the kitchen as well, is wear(y)...[with]all pretenses but living itself having long since vanished from the very atmosphere of this room(Hansberry 1382). The picture we see of the living arrangements and conditions of this family give us a hint not only of their economic standing, but of their emotional states asShow MoreRelatedA Raisin Review673 Words   |  3 PagesA Raisin Review Kenneth Hawthorne English/125 3/15/2016 University of Phoenix A Raisin Review â€Å"What happens to a dream deferred? Does it dry up like a raisin in the sun? Or faster like a sore and then run? Does it stink like rotten meat? Or crust and sugar over like a syrupy sweet? Maybe it sags like a heavy load. Or does it explode†. (Langston Hughes, Harlem) The author Lorraine Hansberry was born May 19, 1930 in Chicago, Illinois. Lorraine Hansberrys writing style is autobiographicalRead MoreSummary Of Lorraine Hansberry 1486 Words   |  6 PagesLorraine Hansberry, born May 19, 1930, made a very prominent contribution to society in her short lived life. She was born to a middle class family as the youngest of four children. Her father was a successful real estate broker who also founded one of the first Negro banks in Chicago (Adams 247). Lorraine’s mother was a schoolteacher named Nannie Perry who later became a ward committeewoman. In 1938, Lorraine’s father took a stand against the real estate covenants in Chicago due to the fact thatRead MoreThe Great Playwright s Life Story2415 Words   |  10 PagesBefore the relatively short life of Lorraine Hansberry tragically ended, the African-American playwright distinguished herself in American theatre and literature as she creatively and unknowingly challenged the views of African-American life, among other inescapable issues of the nation and the world, on the theatrical stage. The great playwright’s life story began on May 19, 1930. Although born during a time of hardship introduced by the Great Depression, Hansberry grew up rather comfortably inRead MoreRacial Identity in A Raisin in the Sun: Who Am I?1102 Words   |  5 Pagesproviding a perverted rational for justifying segregation (Pilgrim â€Å"Mammy†; â€Å"Tom†). So when Lorraine Hansberry’s play, A Raisin in the Sun (1959), confronted the issue of segregation through th e lens of an African American family living in Chicago’s Southside, the Caucasian audience’s widespread acceptance of a family who was â€Å"just like any other† (Nemiroff 9) appears ironic. Contrary to public perception, Raisin sought to convey â€Å"the essence of black people’s striving and the will to defeat segregationRead More Racism and the American Dream in Hansberry’s A Raisin in the Sun1340 Words   |  6 PagesA Raisin in the Sun is written by a famous African- American play write, Lorraine Hansberry, in 1959. It was a first play written by a black woman and directed by a black man, Lloyd Richards, on Broadway in New York. The story of A Raisin in the Sun is based on Lorraine Hansberry’s own early life experiences, from which she and her whole family had to suffer, in Chicago. Hansberry’s father, Carol Hansberry, also fought a legal battle against a racial restrictive covenant that attempted to stop African-Read MoreEssa y on Who Am I?: Racial Identity in A Raisin in the Sun1596 Words   |  7 Pagesa perverted rationale for justifying segregation (Pilgrim â€Å"Mammy†; â€Å"Tom†). So when Lorraine Hansberry’s play, A Raisin in the Sun (1959), confronted the issue of segregation through the lens of an African American family living in Chicago’s Southside, Caucasian audiences’ widespread acceptance of the Youngers, a family who was â€Å"just like any other,† appears ironic (Nemiroff 9). Contrary to public perception, Raisin sought to convey â€Å"the essence of black people’s striving and the will to defeat segregationRead MoreAnalysis Of A Raisin In The Sun By Lorraine Hansberry1158 Words   |  5 Pages Welcome to Windham High School’s very own theater production of the incredible play A Raisin in the Sun, written by Lorraine Hansberry. To further understand the play please read the text below about the background of Hansberry’s life, living conditions in the era that the play took place, and reviews written about the play. Lorraine Hansberry was a playwright and a writer. She was born in Chicago May 19, 1930 in Chicago, and she grew up in the Woodlawn neighborhood in the South side of ChicagoRead MoreRacial Segregation, By Lorraine Hansberry1248 Words   |  5 Pagesmake the dreams seem worthwhile,† once stated by Lorraine Hansberry. Racial segregation has been a huge topic in our society. Believe it or not, just a few decades ago African American people did not have the basic equality rights that white citizens were given. Something as simple as having a dream to become an author seemed out of reach; even impossible some might have said. Living in this kind of a world was unfortunately a reality for Lorraine Hansberry. Growing up she lived in a world of racialRead MoreLorraine Hansberry s Life As A Whole1461 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"I was born black and female.† These two words black and female identified Lorraine Hansberry’s life as a whole. Hansberry was born on May 19, 1930 in Chicago. She was the third youngest out of seven siblings. Her parents contributed a large amount of money to NAACP and the Urban League, because of this Hansberry was never comfortable with her rich girl status, so instead she identified herself as â€Å"poor†. She was admired by the children who were so often independent and matured which she imitatedRead More Fighting Charges of Assimilation in Hansberrys A Raisin in the Sun and The Cosby Show1410 Words   |  6 PagesFighting Charges of Assimilation in Hansberrys A Raisin in the Sun and The Cosby Show The critical reception of The Cosby Show, an enormously popular television sitcom in the 1980s, roughly paralleled that of A Raisin in the Sun, Lorraine Hansberrys highly acclaimed play of the 1950s. Both the television series and the play helped change the way Blacks are portrayed in the entertainment media. But despite being initially greeted with critical praise, both subsequently fell under heavy

Achievement or Enjoyment The Debate Between Casablanca...

The debate over Casablanca and Citizen Kane has been a classic argument between film critics and historians alike because both of these pieces contain great cinematographic value, and are timeless pictures that have managed to captivate audiences well beyond their era. However, the real question at hand is which film is the greatest? Which film transformed the future of American film making? It is these questions that I as many others have, will attempt to answer in the following essay as I explain why I believe Citizen Kane has achieved the status of greatest film ever made. The film Citizen Kane opens with the camera panning across Kane’s deserted estate in Florida called Xanadu. The imagery has a dark, ominous feel as we’re slowly†¦show more content†¦``The final touch was his contact lenses that dimmed Welles`eyes.`` Each of the flashbacks are instigated by reporter Thompson as he meets with different people who were close to Kane to uncover the story of rose bud. As Welles explains: They tell five different stories, each biased, so the truth about Kane, like the truth about any man, can only be calculated by the sum of everything that has been said about him. One such flashback begins when the reporter Thompson enters a large room in Thatchers building and begins reading about Kane. This is cues the flashback which can be considered one of the most poignant in the film. It’s one of many scenes that exhibits Citizen Kane’s most significant contribution to cinematography, as cinematographer Greg Toland’s deep focus technique of filming and use of unique lighting. We are taken to Kane’s Cabin in Colorado, and we see Kane playing as a child in the snow. The camera then tracks back to see his mother looking at him through the window and further back to show the entirety of the room with Kane still playing just outside the window. It is this scene in which Kane’s mother signs over her son to Thatcher, and Kane attempts to hit him with his sled which bears the image of a rosebud. This scene is highly important to the rest of the film as it ties in much of the story of Kane’s life Many other innovations of technique came

Journal The American Planning Association -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Journal The American Planning Association? Answer: Introduction The research proposal is developed to focus on the various ways by which risks are allocated during the management of public private partnership projects within the Australian construction industry. The research is undertaken to find ways by which risks will be allocated and managed in the PPP projects during the management of construction activities between the public and private parties involved within the construction industry of Australia (Hwang, Zhao and Gay 2013). Research background The background of the research illustrates the impact of issues on the public private partnership projects and handles those with ease and effectiveness. The public private partnership is an effective procurement strategy that has influenced the construction activities within the Australian construction industry and due to this, certain risks are emerging as well including the differentiating attributes of the projects and high costs involved to resolve those issues properly. By allocating the risks in PPP projects, it has also become easy to obtain knowledge and information and create opportunities for managing the risks with ease. Inadequate information and data are also other risks that have been allocated while managing the public private partnership projects within the construction industry of Australia (Cheung, Chan and Kajewski 2012). Though the public private partnership involves a contractual agreement between the public agency and private sector entity with skills, knowledg e and assets being shared along with the facilities and services, various issues have arisen that are needed to be allocated properly for successful project functioning. Research rationale The rationale of the research demonstrates the research problems faced while managing the public private partnerships and few of these risks are higher cost of development, bidding and management of construction sites, high cost attached to debt, politically and socially challenging projects, strict rules and regulations by law and Government. There could also be complexities associated with the risk allocation during the public private partnership projects when the documents and parties were not anticipated during the contractual agreements (Osei-Kyei and Chan 2015). Gaps in knowledge and opportunities could arise due to lack of authenticated articles and documents that would be needed for extracting the best quality data and information properly. These problems should be overcome by developing new private sector technologies and enabling innovation all throughout for delivering better public services and improving the operational effectiveness too. Research aim The aim of the research is to determine the ways by which risks are allocated for the public private partnership projects within the Australian construction industry. Research objectives To conduct a critical study relating to the present situation of considering the public private partnership within the construction industry in Australia To evaluate the most relevant public private partnership procurement strategies and case studies within the Australian construction industry To conduct surveys and obtain data and information from the people about the allocation of risks in PPP within the Australia construction industry To collect relevant data and information and find out how risks are allocated between the public and private parties to manage the PPP projects within the construction industry, Australia To conduct analysis of the information and data and develop a suitable framework for allocating the risks in PPP between both public and private parties Research questions How can the critical study of the literature provide an overview of the entire situation related to the allocation of risks for the PPPs in Australian construction industry? What are the most effective public private partnership procurement strategies managed within the construction industry of Australia? How could the surveys, data and information collected could help in allocating the risks in PPP for the construction industry? How could be the analysis of data and information help in the management of a suitable framework to allocate risks in PP for both the public and private parties? Research Hypothesis H0: The allocation of risks in public private partnership projects cannot create any positive impact on the operational efficiency and promote innovation H1: Risk allocation in PPPs within the construction industry of Australia could help in implementing new technologies and deliver best quality pubic services along with betterment of operational effectiveness. Literature review The public private partnerships are important aspects considered while managing procurement of infrastructure development projects within the construction industry of Australia. PPPs deliver greater value for money projects and it has been driven with the involvement of Government of Australia too. Due to the public private partnership procurement strategy, the risk allocation of resources in public private partnership projects is minimsed. Due to the emergence of various issues and problems, the conventional delivery model has been replaced with public private partnership model, which allows the public organisation to transfer the risks and allocate those to the private party, thereby reducing the costs incurred during the construction management largely (Chou and Pramudawardhani 2015). However, the allocation of risks could be challenging and even might cost a lot of money along with issues related to transfer of risks. Other than the lowering down of costs incurred during the cons truction project management, the tax payers have also gained value for money, due to which, the risks related to the project have also been reduced. While allocating the risks, it is important not only to reduce the impact but also to manage the risks properly by assigning those between both the Government and private sectors. Allocation of risks in PPPs is quite straightforward, because of which, the party that can be able to manage the risks are handed over the risks through allocation. Between the two parties, the concerned party must be able to identify the risk in quick time, understand its likelihood as well as reduce the impact by managing the risks allocation with ease and effectiveness. The party that is responsible for managing the risks also must bear the financial costs, keep costs lower and finally deliver the greatest value for money (Porwal and Hewage 2013). There are multiple public private partnership projects undertaken in the past few years, though few of those have been successful due to the allocation of risks in an appropriate way. To manage the risks, proper approaches should be followed and this could be t he distribution of risks and allocate those to respective authorities. When multiple risks arise, few of those could be allocated to the Government while the remaining risks should be allocated to the private sector. While undertaking the public private partnership projects, investigations should be done for allocating the risks accurately between the private and public sectors and ensure that a potential gap in knowledge could be understood. By managing public private partnerships in the construction industry, it has also become easy for transferring skills and knowledge and even export the competencies through bidding procedures. This is how the long-term value of money could be derived, furthermore should assist in managing the project with ease and efficiency through risk allocation (Ismail 2013). According to various authors, it was also found that the external factors like legal, political, social and economic factors contributed to the allocation of risks between the private and public parties and ensured successful undertaking and implementation of the project. With new issues arising, new scopes and opportunities were also created, which helped in managing the public private partnership projects with much ease and effectiveness. Though there are certain benefits, there are few disadvantages associated with the management of public private partnership projects too including the increased costs of development, bidding and business functioning. This can further create issues during the allocation of risks in PPPs during the project management within the construction industry of Australia. As during the management of construction project, both public and private parties are involved to form contracts and agreements, so there can be emergence of contractual issues too (Cruz and Marques 2013). The allocation of risks is one of the major aspects of the contract negotiations where two parties are involved, both private and public. One of the parties must focus on reducing the chances of risks and maximize the value for money. The risks are allocat ed through negotiations and drafting of contractual provisions. Nearly every provision of a commercial contract could be used for allocating the risks, few of the major tools that might be used for the purpose of risk allocation had been indemnification, payment terms and conditions, warranties of products and services, contractual remedies and limitations of liabilities (Liu and Wilkinson 2014) Research plan Main activities/ stages Month January Month Feb Month April Month July Month October Month December Selecting the topic of PPPs Framing layout of the research conducting a critical study of the literature Formation of the research Plan Selection of the Appropriate Research Techniques Conducting surveys to collect data Analysis Interpretation of Data related to the construction industrys PPPs Conclusion of the Study Formation of Rough Draft Submission of Final Work Systems of inquiry The various systems required for inquiring about the project management could be the induction, deduction and abduction. The inductive system can allow for making observations and understand he occurrence and impacts of risk allocation, furthermore determine the actual pattern to achieve the goals and objectives (svoll 2014). A tentative hypothesis will be developed to create justification of theory and ensure successful project management within the construction industry. The research methods of construction also can include the deduction system for inquiring about the risk allocation in PPPs through development of theories and hypothesis, furthermore make observations and confirm the actual results or outcomes (Siemiatycki and Farooqi 2012). The abduction system could allow for understanding the proposition of value, develop an insight and propositions, and furthermore obtain critical insight of the best-fit approaches. From the research, hypothesis was developed and observations w ere made based on the literature review section and so the deduction system was the most suitable. By choosing these systems of enquiry, it can be easy to understand the benefits of public private partnership procurement strategies and how risks will be allocated within the construction industry. It will also help in analyzing the collected data and information and furthermore ensure that the risks are allocated in such a manner to prevent any issues related to the public private partnerships in construction industry in the future. Approaches to empirical work The empirical work results could be obtained by obtaining knowledge gained through various experiments and observations made. The knowledge and information gained from various observations and experiments could be the empirical work. The knowledge could be obtained based on the express and tacit knowledge (Hartmann et al. 2012). Experience is one the approaches to empirical work, which focuses on understanding the various concepts of risk allocation and its impact in public private partnerships within the construction industry. Here express knowledge will be beneficial because various documents and articles can be searched to analyse the impact of risk allocation on the PPPs within the construction industry (Liu et al. 2014). The results obtained from empirical study should depend upon the things known by the researcher after studying the literature review section. Research design The designing of research should allow for finding out the accurate answers or solutions for the various problems or questions that might arise during the research conduction. The empirical design could help in understanding the kind of data and information to be collected, ways of collecting those and evaluating the appropriateness of those. The designs should though be created based on the approaches chosen including the positivistic and phenomenological approaches during the various stages of the project management. The phenomenological approach could be to develop new ideas and concepts by considering the induction approach to gain an in-depth analysis whereas the positivism should allow to identify the issues and decrease the chances of issues for the formulation of effective strategies (Zou et al. 2014). The positivistic approach to deduction could be considered as effective because of the testing hypothesis and enhanced scopes for formulation of strategies. Empirical design The approaches for managing the empirical design are case study analysis, providing survey questionnaires, observing the behaviors of participants and conducting experiments at laboratories. Among all these, the case study analysis and large scale surveys should be done by distributing survey questionnaires because there could be considered as most effective. It could create better scopes for remaining positivistic in approaches and interpret the data and information obtained through large scale surveys accurately (Neuman 2013). Sampling methods The probability and non-probability sampling methods are effective for selecting the right samples and obtain relevant data and information all throughout. The probability sampling method could be used to select random samples from a huge population and obtain their responses in the form of data whereas the non-probability sampling method could be done by using both purposive and convenient sampling methods. The purposive sampling could be used to gather quantitative data whereas the convenient sampling method should allow for fixing the most suitable time for the managers of the organizations within the construction industry and obtain their responses (Taylor, Bogdan and DeVault 2015). Sample size As the entire Australian construction industry was chosen here, so the sampling size should be chosen as 100 employees 40 managers of the different construction management businesses. Data collection The data collected must include both primary and secondary data. The quantitative data could be collected through random sampling process and by providing survey questionnaires to the respondents to obtain their responses and feedbacks. The qualitative data should be collected by interviewing the managers of the construction businesses, which comprise the primary data. The qualitative approaches should be descriptive though, which could provide a comprehensive view of the research subject and develop theories based on the data collected (Flick 2015). The secondary data should be collected by searching relevant articles, documents and websites to obtain the best quality information and conduct the research successfully. Data analysis The analysis of data will be done by using SPSS tool and representing those on graphical formats for understanding those with ease and effectiveness. Values and ethics The values and ethics will be maintained by managing confidentiality of information and maintaining privacy of the respondents of the research. The research materials could be used for academic purposes only and not for any commercial purposes. Most of the data and information obtained during the research should be destroyed for making sure that those do not fall in wrong hands (Yanow and Schwartz-Shea 2015). The research plan for 11 weeks research project should be created to focus on the various tasks and time duration allotted to those for the proper completion. The research plan and timeline should consist of various activities including the selection of research topic in the first week. The research topic was selected as risk allocation in public private partnership projects within the construction industry of Australia. The collection of data might be a daunting task because of measuring the accuracy and authenticated results that could be obtained based on the primary and secondary data collected. By collecting relevant data and information, a research layout should be formed, which could take nearly 3 months (Flach and Hadjiantonis 2013). Based on the various research data and information collected, it could be understood that it would be important for conducting a critical study of the literature review and create assumptions for understanding the empirical study and research des igns Methodology for 1 year thesis Task Name Duration Start Finish Thesis Plan 11.88 wks Tue 1/23/18 Mon 4/16/18 Development of proposal 4 wks Tue 1/23/18 Mon 2/19/18 finding appropriate literature on the field of research-1 20 hrs Tue 1/23/18 Thu 1/25/18 identify a particular literature to find the gap-1 20 hrs Thu 1/25/18 Mon 1/29/18 framing research question/Aims/rationale and objectives-1 20 hrs Tue 1/30/18 Thu 2/1/18 Preparing the outline proposal draft and acquiring feedback from the supervisor-2 20 hrs Thu 2/1/18 Mon 2/5/18 develop research proposal -2 20 hrs Tue 2/6/18 Thu 2/8/18 submit research proposal- 2 20 hrs Thu 2/8/18 Mon 2/12/18 review feedback and complete the research proposal by refining it-3 20 hrs Tue 2/13/18 Thu 2/15/18 prepare final research question-3 20 hrs Thu 2/15/18 Mon 2/19/18 Literature review 2 wks Tue 2/20/18 Mon 3/5/18 conduct extensive literature review on risk allocation in construction industry-4 20 hrs Tue 2/20/18 Thu 2/22/18 conduct extensive literature review on Public Private Partnership -5 20 hrs Thu 2/22/18 Mon 2/26/18 Conduct extensive review to identify the methods of distribution risk allocation between public and private parties-8 20 hrs Tue 2/27/18 Thu 3/1/18 developing in depth understanding of the topic-6 20 hrs Thu 3/1/18 Mon 3/5/18 Secondary data analysis 2.38 wks Tue 3/6/18 Wed 3/21/18 Data analysis to identify the risk allocation techniques in construction industry-7 25 hrs Tue 3/6/18 Fri 3/9/18 Data analysis to identify the methods of distribution risk allocation between publci and private parties-8 35 hrs Fri 3/9/18 Thu 3/15/18 Data analysis to develop a framework for better allocation of risk in PPP in construction industry-9 35 hrs Thu 3/15/18 Wed 3/21/18 Thesis submission 3.5 wks Wed 3/21/18 Mon 4/16/18 Prepare first draft of thesis-10 40 hrs Wed 3/21/18 Wed 3/28/18 Submit draft and get feedback-10 20 hrs Wed 3/28/18 Mon 4/2/18 prepare thesis-11 60 hrs Mon 4/2/18 Wed 4/11/18 submit thesis 20 hrs Wed 4/11/18 Mon 4/16/18 The practitioners or individuals involved with the management of public private partnership during the construction project management at Australia must know about the occurrence of risk allocation along with its probable impacts created. The private sector does not create much impact on the change in laws, rules and regulations and in such cases, the public agency or party might incur the most amount of risks associated with the management of projects within the construction industry of Australia (svoll 2014). The allocation of risks should be possible through gaining ultimate control over the costs of operations and furthermore provide better incentives to the private parties. The Government of Australia is responsible for managing the risk allocation occurrence while the private party manages the impacts. Based on this literature, it could be understood that for conducting the research based on the public private partnerships within the construction industry, a proper research pla n was needed to be developed. The research timeline showed above should not only assist in determining the time frame for each of the tasks but also could allow for maintaining a proper structure and flow of information and data all throughout the research conduction (Gregor, Mller and Seidel 2013). For conducting the empirical study, the express knowledge should be useful because the researcher could use the approaches, knowledge and information that could be known to him and on the basis of his experiences. For the research design, the positivistic approach to deduction should be considered as the most effective. To manage the empirical design and ensure successful accomplishment of research goals and objectives, the case studies should be analysed along with large scale surveys done with the use of survey questionnaires distributed to the respondents involved in the research. For the collection of data, both qualitative and quantitative data were needed to be considered. The qualitative data would be collected through social construction, which could help in focusing on the languages used while the descriptive approach could provide an in-depth view of the research subject based on the materials that were researched (Creswell and Poth 2017). Hypothesis shall be developed, whi ch can strengthen the efficiency of developing project scopes and enhance the efficiency of the research conduction. References svoll, H., 2014. Abduction, deduction and induction: can these concepts be used for an understanding of methodological processes in interpretative case studies?.International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education,27(3), pp.289-307. Cheung, E., Chan, A.P. and Kajewski, S., 2012. Factors contributing to successful public private partnership projects: Comparing Hong Kong with Australia and the United Kingdom.Journal of Facilities Management,10(1), pp.45-58. Chou, J.S. and Pramudawardhani, D., 2015. 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